specialist microfinance institutions (MFIs). The Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) has traditionally pursued an active "developmental" role in the microfinance sector, although this has been changing. It should further reduce its developmental activities by diluting its ownership of regional development banks and taking a less hands-on role in project implementation. Conversely, it would be appr...

processing industries with the aim of and increasing the added value reducing the waste of agricultural products, promotion of productivity, employment, non oil exports, food security as well as sustainable development in agriculture has started to develop in iran since 1998. the objective of the present study is to examine the main factors affecting physical progress of those processing firms ...

Abstract: Central banks have long been interested in obtaining precise estimations of money demand given the fact that the evolution of money demand plays a key role over several monetary variables. One implication of currency substitution is that the exchange rate could serve as another determinant of the demand for money. Due to the recent currency crisis in Iran, it would be important to inv...

The primary objective was to evaluate the extent which foreign exchange restraints import demand in Sierra Leone. Using time series data from 1980 2020, this study determined Leone's function by including constraints a structural model developed Emran and Shilpi (2010). compensated for both short-run long-run links employing an ARDL bounds-testing technique with error-correcting mechanism. resu...

this paper surveys the persian monetary crises due to economic sanctions and speculative attacks that leads to high inflation. economic sanctions are associated with various forms of trade barriers and restriction on financial transactions. among the most influential sanctions on iran's oil export and central bank sanctions are noted that their aims to reduce iran's oil revenues and devaluation...

Re-denomination was not only a zero dropping and new coin minting operation but also a significant milestone in Turkey. Before the currency reform, multiple zeros had posed several difficulties in expressing monetary values, transactions, bookkeeping and statistical records, data processing software, payment systems, price labels etc. So, removing six zeros from national currency became a ...

abstract financial crises and currency instabilities within developing and emerging economies during the last decade had a tremendous impact on the economic performance and increased vulnerability of economies against domestic and foreign shocks. the timing of capital liberalization is one of the significant debates among other issues related to currency instability, and it would be more conven...

Based on the reconstruction of monetary flows a merchant-banking company operating in Barcelona at beginning fifteenth century, this study aims to understand reasons behind exchange-rate variations local currency with respect principal European markets, as well modalities and predictability such oscillations. By using real rather than ‘hearsay’ rates, we present new assessments seasonal charact...

This paper reassesses the prospects for greater monetary integration in Asia in the wake of the Asian financial crisis of 1997. The Asian crisis highlighted the absence of well-developed supranational institutions in Asia to provide early warning signals of impending currency or balance of payments problems, access to unconditional funds to cope with financial problems, and a common defensive m...