Shiga toxin producing bacteria are potential causes of serious human disease such as hemorrhagic colitis, severe inflammations of ileocolonic regions of gastrointestinal tract, thrombocytopenia, septicemia, malignant disorders in urinary ducts, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Shiga toxin 1 (stx1), shiga toxin 2 (stx2), or a combination of both are responsible for most clinical symptoms of thes...

shiga toxin (stx) is the principal virulence factor of shigatoxigenic escherichia coli (stec), a food-born pathogen associated disease with uncomplicated diarrhea or the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. in this study, rabbit polyclonal anti recombinant a, b subunits of shiga toxin and holotoxin antisera were raised and employed for immunological purpose. by immunoblotting, these antisera recognized r...

Shiga-like toxin-producing (SLTEC) Escherichia coli strains are one of the most important food borne emerging pathogens. One hundred and fifty-seven E. coli strains isolated from 39 children with diarrhea of unknown origin and one hundred and five E. coli strains from 20 healthy children were examined for Shiga-like toxin production in Vero cell line assay. The synthesis of Shiga-like toxin was...

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is associated with intestinal infection by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains that produce Shiga toxins. Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) is the functional receptor for Shiga toxin, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) upregulates Gb3 in both human macrovascular umbilical vein endothelial cells and human microvascular brain endothelial cells. TNF-alpha ...

Shiga toxins are the main virulence factors of a group of Escherichia coli strains [Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)] that cause severe human diseases, such as haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. The Shiga toxin family comprises several toxin subtypes, which have been differentially related to clinical manifestations. In addition, the phages that carry the Shiga toxin gene...

Gastrointestinal infection with Shiga toxins producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli causes the spectrum of gastrointestinal and systemic complications, including hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is fatal in ∼10% of patients. However, the molecular mechanisms of Stx endocytosis by enterocytes and the toxins cross the intestinal epithelium are largely uncharacterized...

Shiga-like toxins (verotoxins) are responsible for the virulence associated with a variety of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Direct detection of toxins requires a specific and sensitive technique. In this study, we describe a mass spectrometry-based method of analyzing the tryptic decapeptides derived from the non-toxic B subunits. A gene encoding a single protein that yields a set of relevant ...

Binding kinetics of Shiga toxin to HeLa CCL-2 cells and to cell lines cloned by limiting dilutions were determined. Lines with a wide range of sensitivity to Shiga toxin were obtained. Binding data, analyzed by a computer-based Scatchard model program, revealed two classes of binding sites, one of low affinity and high capacity and one of high affinity and low capacity. The number of high affin...

In this review, we highlight recent work that has increased our understanding of the production and distribution of Shiga toxin in the environment. Specifically, we review studies that offer an expanded view of environmental reservoirs for Shiga toxin producing microbes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We then relate the abundance of Shiga toxin in the environment to work that demonstrate...

Previous studies have indicated a role for clathrin, the clathrin adaptors AP1 and epsinR, and the retromer complex in retrograde sorting from early/recycling endosomes to the trans Golgi network (TGN). However, it has remained unclear whether these protein machineries function on the same or parallel pathways. We show here that clathrin and the retromer subunit Vps26 colocalize at the ultrastr...