In this paper, a continuum model is proposed so that a Stone-Wales (SW) defected carbon nanotube (CNT) is replaced by an initial circumferential crack in a continuum cylindrical shell. For this purpose, the critical energy release rate and then the fracture toughness of a defected CNT are calculated using the results of an existing atomistic-based continuum finite element simulation. Finally, t...

introduction breeding quail and quail egg industrial production because of the high nutritional value of these products has been developing these years. considering the high demand and economical production, further development in the future is predicted. in order to design and effective utilization of the equipment for transportation, separation, packaging and storage, the physical and mechani...

in 2007 and 2008, the influence of pollen source on the shell and kernel traits of resulting seeds and on fruit set was examined to evaluate the potential for xenia or metaxenia in persian walnut. pistillate flowers of ‘jamal’, ‘chandler’, ‘hartley’ and ‘pedro’ were crossed with the pollen of ‘serr’, ‘z60’ and ‘damavand’. the pistillate flowers on each female parent were covered about one week ...

seed weight (sw) in oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) is determined during the seed filling period (sfp). a great proportion of variation in sw is associated with environmental conditions in this period. to quantify factors determining sw in open pollinated (op) and hybrid cultivars of oilseed rape, 12 field experiments were conducted at agricultural research station of gonbad, iran, during 2000...

We present new high spatial resolution observations of the material around 11 Carinae obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field/Planetary Camera. The star 11 Carinae is one of the most massive and luminous stars in our Galaxy, and has been episodically expelling significant quantities of gas over the last few centuries. The morphology of the bright central nebulosity (the homunculus) ...

Oral supplementation with 50, 100 and 150 μg/ml arginine to the silkworm larvae resulted in a significant increase in the larval weight, silkgland weight in only 150 μg/ml, cocooning percentage in all the fed groups, female cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio, male cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight and shell ratio is increased in all the treated groups, filament length were ...

Abstract Background Although the apple snail Pila globosa is used as indicator species for human consumption locally and fish feed, research on it in general very scanty. It food industry, aquaculture bait many regions of India other countries, but has been started 1970s. Only 40 articles are available this organism PubMed indicating an urgent need basic especially work its spatiotemporal morph...

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters influencing egg quality in Khorasan Razavi native fowl. (Co)Variance components were estimated by the Bayesian statistical method via Gibbs sampling in GIBBS3F90 software. 1000 eggs (28-29 weeks old) were collected from 775 hens of the ninth generation of Khorasan-Razavi Province native fowl breeding center. External (egg weight,specif...

Two major pathways exist in substitution reactions of nucleophiles with allylic substrates (Scheme l).IF3 Attack of the nucleophile at the carbon atom bearing the allylic leaving group leads to direct displacement in a classic sN2 mechanism. Alternatively, attack can also occur at the terminal carbon atom of the allylic double bond, displacing the leaving group in a concerted or consecutive man...

A comparative study was conducted on the ontogenetic variation in morphometry of a total of 29 shellbearing molluscan species occurring on an intertidal stony shore in south-western Japan. The relationships between shell size and total weight and between shell size and ̄esh weight were all highly signi®cant on logarithmic scales with the slopes having values of about three. The arcsine-transfor...