Unconventional shale-gas plays are formed by fine-grained organic-rich shales of tight-porosity and ultralow permeability which act as the source, seal, and the reservoir rock. The shale-as-reservoir has its beginnings in 1820 but commercial shale-gas wells were drilled in 1990s in Mississippian Barnett Shale of USA by Mitchell Energy after prolonged (about 17 years) experimentations and advanc...

INTRODUCTION History and Background Objectives Data Sources Need for the Study Method of Analysis GENERAL INFORMATION • The Oil Shale Resource Retorting Technologies State of the Industry TABLE OF CONTENTS Assumptions about Oil Shale Technology Application . CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL OF OIL SHALE AND SHALE PRODUCTS Background Description of Oil Shale Shale Oil Spent Shale • Indicator Compound POTE...

Unconventional gas resources from tight sand and shale gas reservoirs have received great attention in the past decade around the world, because of their large reserves as well as technical advances in developing these resources. As a result of improved horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies, the progresses are being made towards commercial gas production from such reservoirs...

Abstract: The recovery of vanadium from sulfuric and hydrofluoric mixed acid solutions generated by the direct leaching of black shale was investigated using solvent extraction and precipitation methods. The process consisted of reduction, solvent extraction, and stripping, followed by precipitation and calcination to yield vanadium pentoxide. The influence of various operating parameters on th...

The Antrim Shale in the Michigan Basin is one of the most productive shale gas formations in the U.S., but optimal resource recovery strategies must rely on a thorough understanding of the complex biogeochemical, microbial, and physical interdependencies in this and similar systems. We used Illumina MiSeq 16S rDNA sequencing to analyze the diversity and relative abundance of prokaryotic communi...

Hydrocarbon recovery from unconventional reservoirs (shale gas) is debated due to its environmental impact and uncertainties on its predictability. But a lack of scientific knowledge impedes the proposal of reliable alternatives. The requirement of hydrofracking, fast recovery decay and ultra-low permeability-inherent to their nanoporosity-are specificities of these reservoirs, which challenge ...

This paper presents main results of a shale stability study, related to the understanding of shale/ fluid interaction mechanisms, and discusses shale strength correlation. The major shale/ fluid interaction mechanisms: Capillary, osmosis, hydraulic, swelling and pressure diffusion, and recent experimental results are discussed. Factors affecting the shale strength are discussed, and a sonic com...

We quantify the effect of a significant technological innovation, shale oil development, on asset prices. Using stock price changes on major news announcement days allows us to link aggregate stock price changes to shale development activity as well as other oil supply shocks. We exploit cross-sectional variation in industry portfolio returns on announcement days to construct a shale mimicking ...

SUMMARY Poland has some of Europe's most favorable infrastructure and public support for shale development. The Baltic Basin in northern Poland remains the most prospective region with a relatively simple structural setting. The Podlasie and Lublin basins also have potential but are structurally complex, with closely spaced faults which may limit horizontal shale drilling. A fourth area, the Fo...