within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...

most specialists in the field of foreign language teachingconsiderreading skill as an interactive process between the reader’s prior knowledge and the text.accordingly, the activation of prior knowledge for an effective comprehension is very important. it is generally agreed that the pre-reading phase is the stage where this type of interaction and activation may be enhanced throughcertain stra...

سایه انداز گیاه (cc) و شاخص سطح برگ (lai) نمایه هایی جهت برآورد مقادیر تابش دریافتی توسط گیاه است که بر شبیه سازی بیولوژیک گیاه تأثیر زیادی دارد. اخیراُ در برخی از مدل های گیاهی، برای مشخص کردن وضعیت رشد گیاهی در مزرعه، استفاده از cc جایگزین lai گردیده است. در این تحقیق ماده ی خشک گیاهی، عملکرد دانه و شاخص هایcc و lai طی دو سال زراعی 1389-1390 و 1390- 1391 در مزرعه پژوهشی در دانشکده کشاورزی دانش...

‏‎the purpose of the present study was to investigate the latent pattern underlying reading ability . some 272 male and female participants. english majors at the ba level , participated in the study. two valid tests were used in this study, the reading test developed exclusively for the purpose of this project and academic reading section of ielts. to investigate the possible latent underlying...

two groups of students were assigned as experimental and control ones, and were given instruction on directed reading-thinking activities and after some treatment, they were post-tested. although the initial pre-test did not show any significant differences, the final post-test result revealed that the cooperative reading comprehension helped the experimental group. the cooperative students’...

abstract poor reading comprehension can result in failure in using references, benefiting from professional gatherings and resources, keeping up with the growing body of knowledge in the virtual world of the internet, and failing to achieve in efl programs. the purpose of the present quasi-experimental study was to explore the effects of background knowledge and previewing narrative and expos...

abstract the current study sets out 1) to investigate the strategic needs of iranian efl learners in reading literary and non-literary texts; 2) to shed some light on the differences between reading literary and non-literary texts; and 3) to specify the differences in the interaction of participants with texts while reading two literary subgenres ( i.e., short story and literary essays). to ...

as far as bandura’s (1977) conceptualization of the sense of self-efficacy is concerned, it is argued to be context- and even task-specific, compared to other concepts like self-esteem (brown, 2000); therefore, upon the previous research studies, related theories and definitions, and the ideas and views obtained from the interviews conducted with the scholars, the current research study aimed a...