Although the Supreme Court’s 1989 decision in Teague v. Lane generally prohibits the application of new constitutional rules of criminal procedure in federal habeas review of state-court judgments, the Court’s 2008 decision in Danforth v. Minnesota frees state courts from Teague’s strictures. Danforth explicitly permits state courts to fashion their own rules governing the retroactive applicati...

the international criminal court , which is part of the fourth generation of the criminal courts, plays a prominent role in the institutionalization of international humanitarian law (ihl). hence, it was expected that negotiators utilized from previous criminal tribunals experiences and they terminated in the distinctions between gross breaches of international humanitarian law. it was expected...

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act bestowed upon the Securities and Exchange Commission the right to pursue an enforcement action against any person either in federal court or through an administrative proceeding. Since 2012, the SEC has chosen to pursue an unprecedented percentage of its enforcement actions administratively, and it has prevailed in those administrati...

Conviction rates are high in Japan. Why? First, Japanese prosecutors are badly understaffed. Able to bring only their strongest cases, they could be presenting judges only with the most obviously guilty defendants. High conviction rates would then follow naturally. Crucially, however, this is not the full story, for Japanese judges face seriously biased incentives. A judge who acquits a defenda...

The archive of international criminal tribunals is a topic that insufficiently researched and published. Archival Politic International Courts by Henry Alexander Redwood seeks to close this gap examining the process archiving preserving records tribunals. author delves into Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) analyze vital role archives play in understanding formation community, especially thro...

Abstract This paper will discuss the characteristics of court system and proceedings in Nordic countries. The analysis is based on idea legal systems as a group bound both by historical similarities between them advanced cooperation different actors. First, main features socio-legal developments, theory practices characterising are discussed. Then, ideas, methods results field law described. ‘N...

This account traces the changes in social and legal attitudes towards homosexuality in England. It begins with mediaeval times, when sodomitical and heretical practices were lumped together and dealt with severely by the ecclesiastical courts. It describes the long period, starting with the statute of 1533 'for the punishment of the Vice of Buggery', when homosexuals were dealt with as criminal...