Diagnosis, treatment, and surgery for lumbar disc herniations have existed for over a century. However, during the last three decades, there have been many new developments in imaging techniques, surgical procedures, physical medicine, and rehabilitation. In light of this, the most effective and appropriate treatment is controversial. Spontaneous regression of sequestrated, extruded, or protrud...

BACKGROUND We designed an easy posterolateral transforaminal endoscopic decompression technique, termed PTES, for radiculopathy secondary to lumbar disc herniation. The purpose of the study is to describe the technique of PTES and evaluate the efficacy and safety for treatment of lumbar disc herniation including primary herniation, reherniation, intracanal herniation, and extracanal herniation ...

BACKGROUND Posterior epidural migration of an extruded disk fragment is rare, and posterior migration of the free fragments causing cauda equina syndrome is exceptionally rare. The disk fragment must transgress through numerous anatomical restraints including the nerve roots in such cases. METHODS Two cases of migration of the sequestrated disk into the posterior epidural space are presented....

Non-discogenic sciatica can be caused by any lesion along the course of the lumbosacral nerve roots and sciatic nerve. We aim to present a rare case of refractory sciatica in an otherwise healthy 25-year-old man. He complained of left leg pain without significant back pain. Extensor hallucis longus muscle was weak on the left side with limited straight leg rising. On magnetic resonance imaging,...

non-discogenic sciatica can be caused by any lesion along the course of the lumbosacral nerve roots and sciatic nerve. we aim to present a rare case of refractory sciatica in an otherwise healthy 25-year-old man. he complained of left leg pain without significant back pain. extensor hallucis longus muscle was weak on the left side with limited straight leg rising. on magnetic resonance imaging,...

BACKGROUND Utilizing the literature, the results of three different minimally invasive surgery (MIS) anterior cervical percutaneous operations for neck/mild radicular pain and magnetic resonance (MR)-documented "contained" (not extruded/sequestrated) discs were evaluated. Results were compared with patients treated nonsurgically for comparable/greater neurological compromise, and even more seve...

Background Patients with lumbar disc disease may present with low back pain, pain that radiates down to the lower extremity (radiculopathy), and leg pain that increases with ambulation (neurogenic claudication). Patients may first undergo diagnostic studies (magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomographic examinations) to determine whether there is any significant nerve root or thecal sac comp...

Intradural lumbar disc herniation (ILDH) is uncommon pathology. In present report, authors present a case of ILDH associated with dorsal herniation of the cauda equina rootlets in a 30-year-old male laborer who had chronic backache since last two years. To the best of our knowledge we are reporting this for first time. Report demonstrates the natural course of ILDH.

We present a 75-year-old man who, for 2 weeks, had progressive pain in both of his thighs when standing straight. MR imaging showed a sequestrated disk fragment, which had a signal intensity similar to that of a herniated disk with a rim enhancement in the posterior epidural space and a ruptured outermost annulus of the intervertebral disk at L2-3. Awareness of these MR imaging findings can hel...