Large amounts of spatial data are becoming available today due to the rapid development of remote sensing techniques. Several retrieval systems are proposed to retrieve necessary, interested and effective information such as keyword based image retrieval and content based image retrieval. However, the results of these approaches are generally unsatisfactory, unpredictable and don’t match human ...

Image semantic retrieval has been a crux to bridge "semantic gap" between the simple visual features and abundant semantics delivered by image. Effective image using is one of major challenges in retrieval. We suggest clustering method annotation user interface. And also design implement search management system that facilitates retrieval, which fully relies on MPEG-7 standard as information ba...

artificial immune systems (ais) can be defined as soft computing systems inspired by immune system of vertebrates. immune system is an adaptive pattern recognition system. ais have been used in pattern recognition, machine learning, optimization and clustering. feature reduction refers to the problem of selecting those input features that are most predictive of a given outcome; a problem encoun...

Content-based image retrieval systems were introduced as an alternative to avoid the need of manual tagging in traditional keyword-based image retrieval systems. However, the representation of image using visual features only involves a loss of information which is referred to as semantic gap. A number of techniques have been proposed to deal with ‘semantic gap’. This paper reviews existing app...

Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) can be defined as soft computing systems inspired by immune system of vertebrates. Immune system is an adaptive pattern recognition system. AIS have been used in pattern recognition, machine learning, optimization and clustering. Feature reduction refers to the problem of selecting those input features that are most predictive of a given outcome; a problem encoun...

The Image retrieval plays a key role in day-to-days world. This work is a review of various references of various image retrieval methods. This paper starts with discussing the working conditions of text based image retrieval then the content-based retrieval: patterns of use, levels, the role of semantics, and the semantic gap. We briefly discuss about various techniques of content based image ...

Relevance feedback is effective technique for bridging the semantic gap in image retrieval which diminish semantic gap between low-level visual features and high-level semantic concepts for image retrieval. Currently, crucial image retrieval system is content-based image retrieval. To improve performance of proposed content based image retrieval system, automatic relevance feedback technique is...