Formal extensions of the response spectrum method to include spatial seismic effects are reviewed. Two approaches are described in detail: the first based on random vibrations of a simple oscillator under two-component excitations, and the second analyzing multi-column building seismic response. The subjective choice of these two complementing approaches aims at analyzing the phenomenon of spat...

performance seismic evaluation is an important topic in earthquake engineering. in this regard, several methods have previously been developed and used. the main objective of present research is to evaluate two methods including “capacity spectrum method (csm)” and “improved capacity spectrum method (icsm)” in determination of seismic performance of concrete frames. for this purpose, several sa...

Reinforced concrete frame buildings with Open Ground Story (OGS) are one of the most common building configurations in urban habitat. These configurations are known to be vulnerable to seismic excitations, primarily due to the sudden loss in strength in the ground story and differential stiffness distribution throughout the structure. The differential stiffness distribution is attributed primar...

SHAKE2000 and DEEPSOIL are the two most important programs to calculate the response analysis of soil layer. In order to analyze the similarities and differences between them, and to guide the improvement of the method and program of seismic response analysis of soil layer, 25 KiK net seismic records from 9 stations were selected as the research objects in this paper, from the aspects of surfac...

The main objective of this article is to assess the expected seismic damage in reinforced concrete buildings from a probabilistic point of view by using Monte Carlo simulation. To do that, the seismic behavior of the building is studied by using random capacity obtained by considering the mechanical properties of the materials as random variables. Starting from the capacity curves, one can obta...

The earthquake response spectrum is the most popular tool in the seismic analysis and design of structures. In the case of combined Primary-Secondary (P-S) systems, the response of the supporting P substructure is generally evaluated without considering the S substructure, which in turn is only required to bear displacements and/or forces imposed by the P one (“cascade” approach). In doing so, ...

The practical limits on resolution of images from seismic or radar (electromagnetic) data depend on the spectrum of the source pulse, the incompleteness of the recording geometry, and the fidelity with which one can model the reference medium. These factors together prevent one from recovering a point image from data produced by a point diffractor in a given body. A simple imaging formula quant...

Telecommunication tower is an important component of the basic infrastructure of communication systems and thus preserving them in events of natural disasters - such as a severe earthquake - is of high priority. In past studies, researchers have mostly considered the effects of wind and earthquake-induced loads on 3-legged (triangular cross-section) self-supporting steel telecommunication tower...