We describe and evaluate a new method of automatic seed word selection for unsupervised sentiment classification of product reviews in Chinese. The whole method is unsupervised and does not require any annotated training data; it only requires information about commonly occurring negations and adverbials. Unsupervised techniques are promising for this task since they avoid problems of domain-de...

The topology of metabolic networks may provide important insights not only into the metabolic capacity of species, but also into the habitats in which they evolved. Here we introduce the concept of a metabolic network's "seed set"--the set of compounds that, based on the network topology, are exogenously acquired--and provide a methodological framework to computationally infer the seed set of a...

Ten self-fertile commercial sunßowers cultivars were evaluated for seed set with and without exposure to bees. In the Þrst planting, the number of foraging honey bees was smaller than in the second, and seed set for most cultivars did not differ between those bagged to exclude bees and ones that were open pollinated. In the second planting, however, a majority of cultivars had significantly gre...

Reduced seed yields following self-pollination have repeatedly been observed, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive when self-pollen tubes can readily grow into ovaries, because pre-, post-zygotic late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI), or early-acting inbreeding depression (ID) can induce self-sterility. The main objective of this study was to differentiate these processes in Aconitum k...

Abstract Background Grapevine reproductive development has direct implications on yield. It also impacts berry and wine quality by affecting traits like seedlessness, bunch size, cluster compactness skin to pulp ratio. Seasonal fluctuations in yield, fruit composition attributes, which are largely driven climatic factors, major challenges for worldwide table grape industry. Accordingly, a bette...