Genomic tools for watermelon breeding are becoming increasingly available. A high throughput genotyping system would facilitate the use of DNA markers in marker-assisted selection. DNA extraction from leaf material requires prior seed germination and is often time-consuming and cost prohibitive. In an effort to develop a more efficient system, watermelon seeds of several genotypes and various s...

National survey data collected for 1997 in USDA’s Agricultural Resource Management Study was used to derive implications and pose hypotheses about the impact on pesticide use, production practices, and producer costs of using genetically modified (GM) seed in soybean and cotton production. Results of the analysis suggest concurrence with scientific and industry claims about the environmental qu...

Scatter-hoarding rodents should space food caches to maximize cache recovery rate (to minimize loss to pilferers) relative to the energetic cost of carrying food items greater distances. Optimization models of cache spacing make two predictions. First, spacing of caches should be greater for food items with greater energy content. Second, the mean distance between caches should increase with fo...

We present a semi-supervised framework to construct spoken language understanding resources with very low cost. We generate context patterns with a few seed entities and a large amount of unlabeled utterances. Using these context patterns, we extract new entities from the unlabeled utterances. The extracted entities are appended to the seed entities, and we can obtain the extended entity list b...

Corrosion inhibitors play a major role in the cost effective control of corrosion. Because of the toxic nature and high cost of chemicals plant extracts are currently used as inhibitors. In the current study, efforts are taken to study the role of seed extracts of Phaseolus aureus on corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl by weight loss method and potentiodynamic polarization technique. The Potentio...

INTRODUCTION In the southern United States, chemicals are an integral part of the management of bare-root nurseries. The rationale for using chemicals is based on economics as they can reduce hand labor, improve the use of valuable seed, and increase seedling performance. The cost of all chemicals associated with loblolly pine seedling production averages less than 0.2 cent per seedling. The co...

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of garlic (Allium sativum) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed powder as herbal feed additives on growth performance, carcass characteristics and economics of feeding in broilers. A total of 320 day old broiler chicks of Cobb-400 strain were divided into four treatment groups with 4 replicates of 20 chicks...

Background The purpose of a seed train is the generation of an adequate number of cells for the inoculation of a production bioreactor. This is timeand cost-intensive. From volumes used for cell thawing or cell line maintenance the cell number has to be increased. The cells are usually run through many cultivation systems which become larger with each passage. The seed train steps have a signif...

Cell culture seed trains-the generation of a sufficient viable cell number for the inoculation of the production scale bioreactor, starting from incubator scale-are time- and cost-intensive. Accordingly, a seed train offers potential for optimization regarding its layout and the corresponding proceedings. A tool has been developed to determine the optimal points in time for cell passaging from ...