The airway retention of inhaled glucocorticosteroids (GCs) depends largely on their lipophilicity. Inhaled budesonide (BUD) becomes highly lipophilic reversibly by the formation of esters, acting as a reservoir of active BUD. Ciclesonide (CIC) was also reported to form esters after hydrolysis to active metabolite (CIC-AM). We have investigated lipophilicity and airway retention of BUD, CIC/CIC-...

Background: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) of egg yolk has been successfully used for stallion and bull semen cryopreservation. However, there is limited information to clarify the effect of LDL or lyophilized LDL on ram semen quality. On the other hand, during semen collection, dilution and cryopreservation we need to protect the spermatozoa from lipid peroxidation. Clove bud has polyphenolic c...

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin akademik motivasyonları üzerinde, okul atmosferi ve sosyo-demografik değişkenlerin (cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, ikamet yeri evde bilgisayarın varlığı) rolünü incelemektir. Çalışmaya Çorum’un Osmancık ilçesindeki 14 devlet okulunda öğrenim gören, 7. 8. düzeyinde 1014 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak Akademik Motivasyon Ölçeği,...

The role of the pectoral fin bud for outgrowth by fin axons was assessed by ablation of pectoral fin buds and by transplantation of fin buds to ectopic sites in the embryos of the Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). Normally nerves from segments 1-4 (S1-4) and less frequently the S5 nerve converged at the base of the fin bud by extending toward the fin bud on the ventral surface of the axia...

Background Bud development is an adaptation that temperate forest trees have acquired to survive inclement winter conditions and resume growth the following spring. Bud development is a complex physiological and developmental process comprising bud formation, cold and desiccation tolerance development, and dormancy acquisition [1]. Because bud formation is accompanied by growth cessation, the t...

The airway retention of inhaled glucocorticosteroids (GCs) depends largely on their lipophilicity. Inhaled budesonide (BUD) becomes highly lipophilic reversibly by the formation of esters, acting as a reservoir of active BUD. Ciclesonide (CIC) was also reported to form esters after hydrolysis to active metabolite (CIC-AM). We have investigated lipophilicity and airway retention of BUD, CIC/CIC-...

Taste bud volume increases over the postnatal period to match the number of neurons providing innervation. To clarify age-related changes in fungiform taste bud volume, the current study investigated developmental changes in taste bud cell number, proliferation rate, and life span. Taste bud growth can largely be accounted for by addition of cytokeratin-19-positive taste bud cells. Examination ...

We show that MAX1, a specific repressor of vegetative axillary bud outgrowth in Arabidopsis, acts a positive regulator of the flavonoid pathway, including 11 structural genes and the transcription factor An2. Repression of bud outgrowth requires MAX1-dependent flavonoid gene expression. As the flavonoidless state leads to lateral outgrowth in Arabidopsis, our data suggest that a flavonoid-based...