Reverse osmosis (RO) technology has been widely applied to water treatment such as seawater desalination, and large RO plants are many in operation around the world. Moreover, much larger plants will be required to secure sufcient water resource in the near future because global water shortage and quality problems are still getting more serious. Mega-ton Water System pr...

This paper focuses on a Hybrid Process that uses feed salinity dilution and osmotic power recovery from Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) to achieve higher overall water recovery. This reduces the energy consumption and capital costs of conventional seawater desalination and water reuse processes. The Hybrid Process increases the amount of water recovered from the current 66.7% for conventional s...

Introduction: Reverse osmosis (RO) is best known for its use in desalination (removing the salt from seawater to get fresh water), but since the early 1970s it has also been used to purify fresh water for medical, industrial, and domestic applications. The aim of this research was the performance study of reverse osmosis plants for water desalination in Bandar-Lengeh, Iran. Materials and Meth...

In spite that three-quarters of the Earth's surface is covered by water, the shortage of freshwater supply is posing a great threat to human survival. Therefore, seawater desalination has been considered a useful method to produce freshwater, and their use has increased significantly over the past two decades. This paper presented a mathematical model for the transient laminar flow in the seawa...

In this study a new desalination unit is established. It has four cells such as cooling cell, heating cell, evaporation cell and condensation cell. Seawater is pumped into cooling cell to be preheated and then goes to evaporation cell. In the new desalination unit the evaporation and condensation cell is heated and cooled by the heating and cooling cells respectively. The heating of the evapora...

A microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a new approach for desalinating water based on using the electrical current generated by exoelectrogenic bacteria. Previously developed MDCs have used only one or two desalination chambers with substantial internal resistance, and used low salinity catholytes containing a buffered or acid solution. Here we show that substantially improved MDC performance c...

Seawater desalination plants have been utilized to supply fresh water to the State of Kuwait since the early 50’s. In spite of the fact that there are several types of desalination technology that can be used more efficiently and economically, one type of desalination technology, namely multi-stage flash (MSF), has been used extensively in Kuwait. This work is an attempt to identify the most su...

Proper evaluation of the Gibbs free energy and other properties of seawater and other aqueous solutions is essential in the analysis of desalination systems. Standard seawater has been studied extensively and property data are readily accessible. However, many aqueous solutions requiring desalination have significantly different composition from seawater and seawater data is generally not accur...

The correlation between water and energy is currently the focus of several investigations. In particular, desalination is a technological process characterized by high energy consumption; nevertheless, desalination represents the only practicable solution in several areas, where the availability of fresh water is limited but brackish water or seawater are present. These natural resources (energ...

With an increase in demand of freshwater and depleting water sources, it is imperative to switch to seawater as a regular source of water supply. However, due to the high total dissolved solid content, it has to be desalinated to make it drinkable. While desalination technologies have been used for many years, mass deployment of such technologies poses a number of challenges like high energy re...