[1] The correct representation of the 10-m drag coefficient for momentum (K10) at extreme wind speeds is very important for modeling the development of tropical depressions and may also be relevant to the understanding of other intense marine meteorological phenomena. We present a unified boundary layer model for (K10), which takes account of both the wave field and spray production, and asympt...

Aerosols have a large effect on climate and weather. They modulate the surface irradiance in clear sky conditions, but also modify the radiative properties of clouds. To assess the consequences of reduced surface irradiation due to aerosols for weather forecasting and climate, data on aerosol radiative effects and their spatial and temporal variations are required over a large area. The necessa...

The overall aim of this project is to improve substantially the parameterisation of sea spray particulate fluxes for a wide range of environmental conditions. To meet US Navy needs for more accurate predictions of aerosol loadings, the underlying physical and chemical processes determining aerosol formation and evolution in the maritime environment must be defined. Progress is already being mad...

The bio-efficacy of endosulfan 0.07% with different quality of water as spray fluid was studied against different larval instars of Spodoptera. litura in laboratory condition. Among the four different quality of water, rain water and river water as spray fluid proved to be most effective while sea water as spray fluid resulted in low per cent mortality in different instars of S. litura, due to ...

The basic element of Lighthill's "sandwich model" of tropical cyclones is the existence of "ocean spray," a layer intermediate between air and sea made up of a cloud of droplets that can be viewed as a "third fluid." We propose a mathematical model of the flow in the ocean spray based on a semiempirical turbulence theory and demonstrate that the availability of the ocean spray over the waves in...

[1] Knowledge of the size‐ and composition‐dependent production flux of primary sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles and its dependence on environmental variables is required for modeling cloud microphysical properties and aerosol radiative influences, interpreting measurements of particulate matter in coastal areas and its relation to air quality, and evaluating rates of uptake and reactions of g...

Halides are incorporated into aerosol sea spray, where they start the catalytic destruction of ozone (O3) over the oceans and affect the global troposphere. Two intriguing environmental problems undergoing continuous research are (1) to understand how reactive gas phase molecular halogens are directly produced from inorganic halides exposed to O3 and (2) to constrain the environmental factors t...

We present the first ever evaluation of sea spray aerosol eddy covariance (EC) fluxes at near coastal conditions and with limited fetch, over water brackish (on average 7 ppt). The measurements were made on island Garpen in Baltic Sea (56°23? N, 16°06? E) September 2005. found that wind speed is a major factor driving an exponential increase salt emissions, comparable to previous studies waters...