Oceans represent more than 95% of the world’s biosphere and are among the richest sources of biodiversity on Earth. However, human activities such as shipping and construction of marine infrastructure pose a threat to the quality of marine ecosystems. Due to the dependence of most marine animals on sound for their communication, foraging, protection, and ultimately their survival, the effects o...

1. The Coastal Zone 1.1. Climate Change 1.2. Sea Level and Sea Ice Fluctuations 1.3. Coastal Processes 1.4. Sediment Delivery 1.5. Beaches 1.6. Tidal Flats and Marshes 1.7. Mangroves 1.8. Coral Reefs, Coral Cays, Sea Grasses, and Seaweeds 1.9. Eutrophication and Pollution 1.10. Coastal Evolution 2. Estuarine Environments 2.1. Estuaries 2.2. Coastal Lagoons 2.3. Deltas 2.4. Estuarine Evolution 3...

Creel surveys were performed over a three week period in late spring, 2011, in the Lafourche and Calcasieu area estuaries of the Louisiana Gulf Coast. Weights and lengths were measured for black drum (Pogonias cromis), red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and relative condition factors were calculated relative to expected weights from the long term (5 year...

Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on the earth. Since the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991 and discovering large oil and gas fields, some issues such as political, economic and environmental events, made the Caspian Sea important. The ecology of the Sea are being endangered due to several issues such as petroleum extraction, river and sea pollutions, water level rise, biological...

In this study, heavy metals (Hg,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn) and metallothionein (MT) biosynthesis were measured in blood of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) nesting on the northern coast of the Sea of Oman. Heavy metals concentrations in the sea water, the sediments, the blood samples ranged between 0.02-8.43 μg/l, 0.06-10.32 μg/l, and 0.16-36.78μg/g (ww), respectively.The highest concentration...

BACKGROUND Urban pollution is a major source of concern for human health and is a complex of many environmental factors. The topical exposure to pollution activates cutaneous stress. OBJECTIVE In this study, we tested the antipollution protection of two active components: Dead Sea minerals (Dead Sea mineral-rich water [DSW]) and anionic polysaccharide (PolluStop® [PS]). MATERIALS AND METHOD...