Under present growth rates of greenhouse gas and black carbon aerosol emissions, global mean temperatures can warm by as much as 2 C from pre-industrial temperatures by about 20501,2. Mitigation of the four short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), methane, tropospheric ozone, hydrofluorocarbons and black carbon, has been shown to reduce the warming trend by about 50% (refs 1,2) by 2050. Here we ...

Each spring, female polar bears and their cubs emerge from hibernation after months without food, and their survival depends on having good sea ice for hunting seals, their almost exclusive food. Also in spring, the Arctic sea ice begins to melt and break apart. Over the past 25 years, the timing of this melting has become less predictable as a consequence of warming in the Arctic, varying by m...

Fossil Fuels are always considered as environmental pollutants. On the other hand, the political and economic situations highly affect the price of these fuels. Offshore wind and wave, as renewable energy sources, represent the better alternatives for electricity generation. Therefore, it is necessary that wind speeds effectively be estimated due to the absence of field measurements of the wind...

1. introduction while human habitation was formed as concentrated and stable communities, air pollution had become perceptible on human life. by passing of time and the improvement of thriving and particularly by the industrial revolution commencement, air pollution gradually has converted into an international issue, principally in the present times (ghanbari and azizi, 1388: 16). whereas air ...

We applied a three-dimensional general ocean and coastal circulation model to the Irish Sea in order to determine water renewal time scales in the region. The model was forced with meteorological data for 1995, a year with relatively warm summer and when extensive hydrographic surveys were conducted in the Irish Sea. We investigated intra-annual variability in the rates of net flow through the ...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides like dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), aldrin, dieldrin and trace elements (Cd, Cu, Se, Pb, Zn and Hg) were analysed in the muscle of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) sampled in Atlantic coastal regions near several important European river mouths (Gironde, Charente, Loire, Seine and Sc...

© 2012 Alava and Gobas, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Assessing Biomagnification and Trophic Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants i...

it is well known that, contaminant transportation is a major problem in coastal zones and has to be faced when coastal structures are being planned. sea pollution not only causes environmental damage, but also impacts quality and population of sea resources. oil is the most important pollutant, pollutants emanating from industries, ships, drilling and exploration in the seabed, ship sewage, tox...