OBJECTIVES This study explores the longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms in young mothers and investigate the consequences of maternal depression for children's birth outcomes and behavioral adjustment. HYPOTHESIS Antenatal depression puts children of young mothers at risk for adjustment difficulties by adversely impacting birth outcomes and maternal symptoms after birth. METHODS...

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of an intervention to improve the health of grandmothers raising grandchildren. A pre- and post-test design was employed with 504 African American grandmother participants. The intervention included monthly home-based visitation by registered nurses (RNs) and social workers, participation in support groups and parenting classes, referrals fo...

This paper deals with the performance analysis of the screening unit in a paper plant using Genetic Algorithm. The screening unit in the paper plant has four main subsystems. These subsystems are arranged in series and parallel configurations. Considering exponential distribution for the probable failures and repairs, the mathematical formulation of the problem is done by Markov birth-death pro...

Using a multistudy approach, we examined the utility of the Impairment Rating Scale (IRS; Fabiano et al., 2006) as a screening tool for detecting kindergarten children who are at risk for social, emotional, academic, and behavioral problems. In Study 1 (N = 568), we evaluated the concurrent validity, discriminant validity, and diagnostic efficiency of the parent and teacher IRS test score infer...

This is a comprehensive review of policies and research regarding body mass index (BMI) screening in schools in the United Kingdom and the United States. Although there are potential benefits to conducting screenings in schools, there is also the potential to do harm to the children who are identified as overweight. School administrators need to consider a number of factors discussed in this ar...

background: screening mammography is an established intervention that leads to early breast cancer detection and reduced mortality. the lebanese ministry of health has initiated yearly awareness campaigns and provided free mammography in multiple centers around the country. methods: the study took place in two major areas of lebanon - beirut and south lebanon. this cross-sectional survey aimed ...

BACKGROUND Understanding information about medical screening tests often requires estimating positive predictive values (i.e., posterior probabilities), which is a notoriously difficult task. Previous studies have shown that representation of information in terms of natural frequencies (i.e., counts of occurrences that preserve base rates) facilitates judgments of positive predictive values. Th...

BACKGROUND Economic evaluation of newborn screening poses specific methodological challenges. Amongst others, these challenges refer to the use of quality adjusted life years (QALYs) in newborns, and which costs and outcomes need to be considered in a full evaluation of newborn screening programmes. Because of the increasing scale and scope of such programmes, a better understanding of the meth...

Course description This course offers theoretical and conceptual background for understanding the sociological and anthropological study of medicine. It will also include normative analysis of bioethical stances in the context of using novel medical technologies which challenge existing socio-cultural definitions. To illustrate these issues we will focus on two examples: genetic testing and adv...