According to the research of LSB steganalysis, LSB steganography could destroy the distribution of 0 and 1 in the lowest bit planes, and this situation will cause the abnormality of histogram and asymmetry statistical, thereby left an opportunity that could be exploited to the steganalysis. From the view of steganalysis, this paper compared the two typical kinds of image scrambling methods whic...

In order to clarify the relationship among grammatical knowledge, processing components, and neural substrates in sentence comprehension, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how brain activation is affected by two types of scrambling (short scrambling and middle scrambling) in ditransitive sentences in Japanese. Short scrambling and middle scrambling enhanced activation...

One of the best known low-discrepancy sequences, used by many practitioners, is the Halton sequence. Unfortunately, there seems to exist quite some correlation between the points from the higher dimensions. A possible solution to this problem is the so-called scrambling. In this paper, we give an overview of known scrambling methods, and we propose a new way of scrambling which gives good resul...

In this paper, a review of the techniques available in different categories of audio scrambling schemes is done with respect to Residual Intelligibility. According to Shannon's secure communication theory, for the residual intelligibility to be zero the scrambled signal must represent a white signal. Thus the scrambling scheme that has zero residual intelligibility is said to be highly secure. ...

A major, but unstudied, cause of crashes in China is drivers that "scramble" to gain the right of way in violation of traffic regulations. The motivation of this study is to explore the features of drivers' scrambling behaviors and the attitudes and driving skills that influence them. In this study, we established a scrambling behavior scale, and developed a driving attitude scale and a driving...

In this article, I present Japanese local and long-distance scrambling and restrictions to this phenomenon. I will argue that Japanese scrambling is too complex to be adequately represented with TAG. Instead, I will use a variant of TAG, namely TLMCTAG. Subsequently, I also will propose to regard other scrambling languages, such as German, or Russian, in complexity classes, which is basically d...

Tree Adjoining Grammars (TAG) are known not to be powerful enough to deal with scrambling in free word order languages. The TAGvariants proposed so far in order to account for scrambling are not entirely satisfying. Therefore, an alternative extension of TAG is introduced based on the notion of node sharing. Considering data from German and Korean, it is shown that this TAG-extension can adequa...

In this article, I present Japanese local and long-distance scrambling and restrictions to this phenomenon. I will argue that Japanese scrambling is too complex to be adequately represented with TAG. Instead, I will use a variant of TAG, namely TLMCTAG. Subsequently, I also will propose to regard other scrambling languages, such as German, or Russian, in complexity classes, which is basically d...

This paper presents a quasigroup encryptor that has very good data-scrambling properties and, therefore, it has potential uses in symmetric cryptography. The purpose of the scrambler is to maximize the entropy at the output, even in cases where the input is constant. The great complexity associated with the task of finding the scrambling transformation ensures the effectiveness of the encryptio...

Image scrambling is an important technique in digital image encryption and digital image watermarking. This paper's main purpose is to research how to scramble image by space-bit-plane operation (SBPO). Based on analyzing traditional bit operation of individual pixels image scrambling method, this paper proposed a new scrambling algorithm. The new scrambling algorithm combined with SBPO and cha...