We have established a mouse model of corneal fusariosis that permits the evaluation of fungal infection and pathogenesis. Corneas of immunocompetent and cyclophosphamide-treated adult BALB/c mice were topically inoculated with Fusarium solani after corneal scarification. Eyes were scored for corneal involvement daily for 8 days and at 2 weeks after infection. Eyes were enucleated at various tim...

CD8+ T cells have a critical role in antiviral immunity peripheral tissues, including skin. Using cutaneous vaccinia virus (VACV) infection model, we demonstrate that VACV immunization (with or with heterologous sequences) by skin scarification/ epidermal disruption (ss/ed) protected mice far more effectively against lethal respiratory challenge other viruses than routes of delivery intramuscul...

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a common ocular disease in cattle, associated with a 6.8 to 13.6 kg decrease in weaning weight. Antibiotic therapy is available but it is unclear if pain mitigation as an adjunct therapy would reduce the weight loss associated with IBK. Before assessing the impact of pain mitigation therapies, it is first necessary to validate approaches to qualif...

A major problem affecting the populations of the endangered mission blue butterfly of the northern coast of California is the declining numbers of its host plant, the silver leaf lupine (Lupinus albifrons), due to competition with non-native species. An attempt to ensure the restoration of populations of L. albifrons through germination in greenhouses and subsequent transplantation was initiate...

The Kambô ritual consists of various types of skin scarification and subsequent application of Phyllomedusa bicolor secretion to the fresh wounds. In Europe, the ritual of Kambô is becoming more popular, but its use can lead to serious multiple organ damage, sometimes life-threatening. Our manuscript shows a patient with toxic liver damage probably associated with the Kambô ritual.

Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) seed is a type of that have physical dormancy. This because water and gases prevent by the hard coat during germination process. Therefore, to break dormancy, preliminary treatment in form scarification required, including using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. study aims determine soaking 96% concentration H2SO4 solution produces best ability. The used completely...

Seed quality is an important issue in forestry as it essential parameter the production of high planting material. Many factors may hinder harvesting seeds, including insufficient number sunny days, external conditions temperate climate zones, and fungal pathogens affecting development seedlings. We undertook to develop a procedure maximizing seed protection promoting optimum physiological seed...