in this paper, the time-like hyperruled surfaces in the minkowski 4-space and their algebraicinvariants are worked. also some characteristic results are found about these algebraic invariants.

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M an R-module. The Scalar-Product Graph of M is defined as the graph GR(M) with the vertex set M and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if there exist r or s belong to R such that x = ry or y = sx. In this paper , we discuss connectivity and planarity of these graphs and computing diameter and girth of GR(M). Also we show some of...

For fuzzy mathematical models using general fuzzy sets rather than fuzzy numbers or fuzzy vectors, operations (addition and scalar multiplication) and orderings of fuzzy sets are needed, and the concept of fuzzy set-valued convex mappings is important. In the present paper, fundamental properties of operations, orderings, and fuzzy set-valued convex mappings for general fuzzy sets are investiga...

This work examines force modeling and software-based commutation for closed-loop control of planar linear motors, motivated by the need for a robust and versatile planar robot for precision assembly. The approach taken is to make measurements of the static and dynamic force capabilities of the motor as directly as possible, and determine the applicability of simple models commonly used. Measure...

Recently, the new Multibase Non-Adjacent Form (mbNAF) method was introduced and shown to speed up the execution of the scalar multiplication with an efficient use of multiple bases to represent the scalar. In this work, we first optimize the previous method using fractional windows, and then introduce further improvements to achieve additional cost reductions. Moreover, we present new improveme...

Efficiency and security are the two main objectives of every elliptic curve scalar multiplication implementations. Many schemes have been proposed in order to speed up or secure its computation, usually thanks to efficient scalar representation [30,10,24], faster point operation formulae [8,25,13] or new curve shapes [2]. As an alternative to those general methods, authors have suggested to use...

An implicit function is defined to be the zero set of a scalar function F over space. Further, for points not on the implicit function, the sign of this scalar function tells us whether the point lies inside or outside the implicit function. The choice of whether positive values are inside or outside is arbitrary, since we may multiply an implicit function by −1 and change the notion of inside ...

Recent work in formal pragmatics has devoted much attention to the question of whether scalar implicatures are generated by conversational reasoning or by grammatical devices. The former approach has been dominant for some time, due in large measure to the work of Grice (1975, 1989). However, there has been a recent flourishing of grammatically-oriented alternatives in which scalar implicatures...

a fuzzy observer based scheme for synchronizing two hyperchaoticoscillators via a scalar transmitted signal for cryptographic application isproposed. the takagi-sugeno fuzzy model exactly represents chaotic systems.based on the general fuzzy model, the fuzzy observer of a chaotic system isdesigned on the basis of the n-shift multiple state based key encryption algorithm.the scalar transmitted s...