Regolith characterization in its entirety is particularly difficult gneissic regoliths due to the heterogeneity of their rock structure. Rare earth elements (REE) are a useful tool helping understand evolution regoliths. This study relates mineralogy and weathering indexes three gneisses (P1-leucocratic, P2-mesocratic P3-melanocratic gneisses) distribution REE at depth. In soil, clay activity, ...

The development of porosity during rock weathering is a key process controlling nutrients release, water holding capacity available for plants and flow. Here we used X-ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) 14C PolyMethylMethAcrylate (PMMA) autoradiography to show how cracks are created enlarged initial stages (saprock saprolite) granodiorite in southern Brazil (Viamão - RS). physical evolution charact...

Finding the proper shaking setting to ensure total particle dispersion without altering content of sand, silt and clay in soils composed fragile particles such as saprolite fragments is still a research gap. This study aimed identify best optimize minimize change samples Entisol (Neossolos). Samples were dispersed using an electric mixer at 12,000 rpm for 5, 15, 30 60 min, horizontal shaker 150...

As pyrometallurgical technologies to smelt nickel metal from the oxide ore, melting reduction process using an electric furnace (Elkem) and semi-melting a rotary kiln (Krupp-Renn) with saprolite ore as raw material have been established operated commercially. However, in future, it is expected that will be difficult because of decline grade necessary develop new adaptable lower processing ore.

Eastern Indonesia, including the island of Halmahera, is a region with high mineral potential, particularly Ni-Co, Au-Cu, and Ag ores, which are globally important critical source raw materials (CRMs). The research was conducted within framework scientific cooperation between Faculty Geology, University Warsaw (Poland), PT Halmahera Resources Percasa Ltd. (Jakarta, Indonesia) Between years 2009...