The effects of footprint size and sampling density in airborne laser scanning on extraction of individual trees in a mountainous terrain were investigated. A stand of Japanese cedar was selected for the study. Three flight altitudes of the helicopter above the ground, 300, 600 and 1,200 meters, were used to acquire the data with different footprint sizes. The footprint diameters were approximat...

One of the existence mathematical models is Direct Linear Transformation (DLT). These equations are being regarded because of their simplicity as they are direct. When the height distribution of ground control points (GCPs) is inappropriate, height accuracy of DLT is low. This problem was not obvious about rational functions. To assess this case, the accuracy of rational functions has been test...

Fourier transform analysis of the calorimeter noise problem gives quantitative results on a) the time-height correlation, b) the effect of background on optimal shaping and on the ENC, c) sampling frequency requirements, and d) the relation between sampling frequency and the required quantization error.

Today, many automobile companies and researchers have developed various safety systems to reduce fatalities by traffic accidents[1, 2]. In order to prevent traffic accidents by distracted driving, therefore, the proposed system presents the vehicle and pedestrian detection using a novel image representation called equi-height mosaicking system[3]. Furthermore, the proposed system additionally s...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In nutritional epidemiology, collecting self-reported respondent height and weight is a simpler procedure of data collection than taking measurements. The aim of this study was to compare self-reported and measured height and weight and to evaluate the possibility of using self-reported estimates in the assessment of nutritional status of elderly Poles aged 65 + years. S...

The studies we present investigate elementary students’ reasoning about distributions in two contexts: (a) measurement and (b) naturally occurring variation. We first summarize an investigation in which fourth-graders measured the heights of a variety of objects and phenomena, including the school’s flagpole, a pencil, and several launches of model rockets. Students noted that the measurements ...

In the arid and semiarid environments of the world, microhabitats serve as models for the structure of vegetation communities. The goal of this study was to identify differences in the structures of the herbaceous communities growing on a crystalline substrate and those growing on a sedimentary substrate in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. One hundred 1 × 1 m plots were established in ...

The physiological mechanisms responsible for reduced extension growth as trees increase in height remain elusive. We evaluated biophysical constraints on leaf expansion in old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees. Needle elongation rates, plastic and elastic extensibility, bulk leaf water (Psi(L)) and osmotic (Psi(pi)) potential, bulk tissue yield threshold and final ...

OBJECTIVE This study aims at providing local reference values for blood pressure by height and determining distribution pattern of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 6.5-11.5 elementary school children for the first time in Shiraz (Southern Iran). METHODS Height, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured with standard methods in 2270 healthy school c...