An overview of science and technology of pretreatment process suitable for automotive finishing with cathodic electrodeposition primer is presented in details in this paper. Both the theoretical principles and practical aspects of tricationic phosphating process that are used in automotive industry are discussed in details. The characteristic features of phosphate coatings of both conventional ...

This research was carried out to determine effect of sorghum cultivars and copper foliar spray on physiological traits under saline water situation via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications during 2015 and 2016 year. The main plot consisted sorghum cultivars at three level (Kimia, KGS10, KGS4) and Copper foliar spray (C1: 0 or control...

Aerosols have a large effect on climate and weather. They modulate the surface irradiance in clear sky conditions, but also modify the radiative properties of clouds. To assess the consequences of reduced surface irradiation due to aerosols for weather forecasting and climate, data on aerosol radiative effects and their spatial and temporal variations are required over a large area. The necessa...

Winter deicing and traffic spreads salt to road-adjacent Norway spruce trees in the form of spraying and salt slops. Our use of Na36Cl revealed roots as the main pathway of salt uptake. One-shot application of a concentrated Na36Cl solution to spruce saplings by both irrigation and spraying causes macroscopic damage to the needles and affects the needle phyllosphere. Irrigation affects the tree...

The aim of this article was to study the trans-epithelial absorption to reach the blood and to target the brain by axonal transport using nasal formulations with nanonized meloxicam (nano MEL spray) and its salt form known as meloxicam potassium monohydrate (MELP spray). The physicochemical properties and the mucoadhesivity of nasal formulations were controlled. In vitro and in vivo studies wer...

With the sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean declining, the more extensive areas of open water will foster more frequent storms, higher winds, and bigger waves. These conditions can create copious amounts of sea spray. We anticipate that structures placed in shallow water—wind turbines, drilling rigs, or man-made production islands, for instance—will, therefore, experience more episodes of freezi...

The Coastal Aerosol Transport (CAT) model was developed to study the evolution of aerosol particle size distributions and composition in the coastal environment. The model simulates such processes as particle production at the sea surface, mixing of particles through the boundary layer by turbulent diffusion, gravitational settling, and dry deposition. The model is initialized at the shoreline ...

We determined the effects of a commonly used mosquito (Culicidae) larvicide (Califor­ nia Golden Bear Oil�, also GB-1111) on body mass and survival of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings and on target and nontarget invertebrates. Field studies con­ ducted on natural ponds located in salt marshes in south San Francisco Bay indicated that GB-1111 had an initial impact on potential invertebrate...

Alternative stable states have long been thought to exist in natural communities, but direct evidence for their presence and for the environmental switches that cause them has been scarce. Using a combination of greenhouse and field experiments, we investigated the environmental drivers associated with two distinctive herbaceous communities in coastal ecosystems in New Zealand. In a mosaic unre...

the corrosion protection of mild steel by a newly developed epoxy-based coating system containing inherently conducting nanopolyaniline-clay as a nanoadditive has been studied. polyaniline-clay anticorrosion nanoadditive (pcna) was obtained by the direct mixing method of nanopolyaniline (0.03 wt.%) and organo-modified clay (3 wt.%) at atmospheric pressure, and xrd technique was used to study d-...