A possible function of laryngeal air sacs in apes and gibbons was investigated by examining the relationships between air sac distribution, call rate, call duration and body weight in a phylogenetic context. The results suggest that lack of sacs in the smaller gibbons and in humans is a derived feature. Call parameters in primates, such as rate and duration, scaled to resting breathing rate (an...

The Shortest Approximate Common Superstring (SACS) problem is : Given a set of strings f={w1, w2, ... , wn}, where no wi is an approximate substring of wj, i ≠ j, find a shortest string Sa, such that, every string of f is an approximate substring of Sa. When the number of the strings n>2, the SACS problem becomes NP-complete. In this paper, we present a greedy approximation SACS algorithm. Our ...

Electrochemical water splitting is regarded as the most promising approach to produce hydrogen. However, sluggish electrochemical reactions occurring at anode and cathode, namely, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) hydrogen (HER), respectively, consume a tremendous amount of energy, seriously hampering its wide application. Recently, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been proposed effectively enha...

AIMS The present study aimed to determine whether yolk sacs with abnormal sonographic appearance are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in both early and late gestation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 305 viable singleton pregnancies with gestational age of 6 to 9 weeks were prospectively evaluated with respect to perinatal outcomes and sonographic characteristics of the yolk sacs. ...

The lymphatic vasculature drains lymph fluid from the tissue spaces of most organs and returns it to the blood vasculature for recirculation. Before reaching the circulatory system, antigens and pathogens transported by the lymph are trapped by the lymph nodes. As proposed by Florence Sabin more than a century ago and recently validated, the mammalian lymphatic vasculature has a venous origin a...

The development of a stable catalyst with excellent catalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline environments is key various electrochemical technologies. In this work, single-atom catalysts (SACs) systems which scandium (Sc), rare earth metal, different N/C coordination (ScNxC3−x@SACs and ScNxC4−x@SACs Sc) were systematically studied help density functional theory ...

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have the highest atom economy, precisely located active sites, unique metal coordination environments. These merits of SACs greatly increase specific activity atom, thus providing great potential for achieving better catalytic and selectivity. The sites natural enzymes are similar in structure, physical chemical properties, Theoretically, can replace field biomedici...

Powered by electricity from renewable energies, electrochemical reduction of CO2 could not only efficiently alleviate the excess emission CO2, but also produce many kinds valuable chemical feedstocks. Among various catalysts, single atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted much attention due to their high utilization efficiency and expressive catalytic performances. Additionally, SACs serve as an i...

Direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) are tuned to motion in one direction. Starburst amacrine cells (SACs) are thought to mediate this direction selectivity through precise anatomical wiring to DSGCs. Nevertheless, we previously found that visual adaptation can reverse DSGCs's directional tuning, overcoming the circuit anatomy. Here we explore the role of SACs in the generation and adapta...

BACKGROUND In neonatal binocular animals, the developing retina displays patterned spontaneous activity termed retinal waves, which are initiated by a single class of interneurons (starburst amacrine cells, SACs) that release neurotransmitters. Although SACs are shown to regulate wave dynamics, little is known regarding how altering the proteins involved in neurotransmitter release may affect w...