ion/specification relations Abstract:instance (instance:abstract): S2 instantiates the abstraction stated by S1, or S2 abstracts over the information presented by S1. Tutor: How can the acceleration be 0 if there are forces on it? Student: The sum of the forces equal 0 for there to be no acceleration. Tutor: That’s exactly right. The weight and the normal force are (in this case) equal and oppo...

Allergic skin tests have to be performed 4-6 weeks after an allergic anesthetic reaction. Patients with allergic reactions during anesthesia were prospectively included (n = 44). Skin tests were performed in two stages: (i) Stage 1 (S1), 0-4 days after the reaction; and (ii) Stage 2 (S2), 4-8 weeks after. Five (11.5%) surgical procedures were suspended due to the reaction. Positive skin tests w...

In this paper, we study self-motions of non-architecturally singular parallel manipulators of Stewart Gough type, where the planar platform and the planar base are related by a projectivity. By using mainly geometric arguments, we show that these manipulators have either so-called elliptic self-motions or pure translational self-motions. In the latter case, the projectivity has to be an affinit...

Experts' uncertainty about their statements Si is described by probabilities pi. The conclusion C of an expert system normally depends on several statements Si, so to estimate the reliability p(C), we must estimate the probability of Boolean combinations like S1 &S2. We cannot ask experts about all 2 n (> 10 10) such combinations, so we must estimate p(S1&S2) based on p1 = p(S1) and p2 = p(S2)....

Aeolian sandy soil in mining areas exhibits intense evaporation and poor water retention capacity. This study was designed to find a suitable biochar application method improve infiltration minimize for aeolian sand soil. Using the indoor column method, we studied effects of three patterns (A (0–20 cm mixed sample mixed-based soil), B (0–10 10–20 C soil)), four amounts (0% (control, CK), 1%, 2%...

We study intersection properties of systems of segments in the plane. In particular, we show that there exists a constant c > 0 such that every system S of n straight-line segments in the plane has two at least cn-element subsystems S1,S2 ⊂ S such that either every segment in S1 intersects all elements of S2, or no segment in S1 intersects any element of S2. We also propose a fast approximate s...

[S1,Q15=MAC15(S1), P13=MAC13(S1,Q15)] [S2,Q25=MAC25(S2),P23=MAC23(S2,Q25)] [S4,Q46=MAC46(S4),P45=MAC45(S4,Q46)] Q36=MAC36(S1|S2|S3) P35=MAC35(S3, S1|S2, Q15, Q25, Q36) [S3, (S1|S2), Q15, Q25, Q36, P35] Q5B= MAC5B(S1|S2|S3|S4|S5) P56=MAC56(S5, (S1|S2|S3|S4),Q36,Q46,Q5B) [S5, (S1|S2|S3|S4),Q36, Q46, Q5B, P56] P6B=MAC6B(S6, ((S1|S2|S3|S4 |S5)| S7|S8),Q5B,Q7B,Q8B) [S6, ((S1|S2|S3|S4 |S5)| S7|S8),Q5...

I have 50 pairs of socks of which 30 are black and 35 are cotton. How many pairs of socks are black and cotton? If I call the set of black socks A and the set of cotton socks B, we are looking at |A ∩ B|. It is not hard to see that: |A ∪ B| = |A| + |B| − |A ∩ B| because every element that belongs to both A and B is counted twice by |A|+|B|, so we subtract the size of the intersection once. Ther...

Let G be a finite abelian group written additively with identity 0, and Ω an inverse closed generating subset of such that 0 ∉ Ω. We say has the property ‘‘us’’ (unique summation), whenever for every ≠ g ∈ if there are s1, s2, s3, s4 s1 + s2 = s3 s4, then we have {s1, s2} {s3, s4}. Cayley graph Γ Cay(G;Ω) is us-Cayley graph, ‘‘us’’. In this paper, show Aut(Γ) L(G) ⋊ A, where left regular repres...

Let T (G) be the number of spanning trees in graph G. In this note we explore the asymptotics of T (G) for circulant graphs. The circulant graph Cs1,s2,···,sk n is the 2k regular graph with n vertices labelled 0, 1, 2, · · · , n − 1, where node i has the 2k neighbors, (0 ≤ i ≤ n − 1) adjacent to vertices i + s1, i + s2, · · · , i + sk mod n. In this note we give a closed formula for the asympto...