Over the last years, witness-based validation of verification results has become an established practice in software verification: An independent validator re-establishes a verifier using witnesses, which are stored standardized exchange format. In addition to validation, such exchangable information about proofs and alarms found by can be shared across tools, users apply third-party tools visu...

One of the important approaches to detect quantum entanglement is using linear entanglement witnesses (EW s). In this paper, by determining the envelope of the boundary hyper-planes defined by a family of linear EW s, a set of powerful nonlinear optimal EW s is manipulated. These EW s enable us to detect some three qubits bound MUB (mutually unbiased bases) diagonal entangled states, i.e., the ...

BACKGROUND Jehovah's Witness patients (Witnesses) who undergo cardiac surgery provide a unique natural experiment in severe blood conservation because anemia, transfusion, erythropoietin, and antifibrinolytics have attendant risks. Our objective was to compare morbidity and long-term survival of Witnesses undergoing cardiac surgery with a similarly matched group of patients who received transfu...

Entanglement witnesses provide a standard tool for the analysis of entanglement in experiments. We investigate possible nonlinear entanglement witnesses from several perspectives. First, we demonstrate that they can be used to show that the set of separable states has no facets. Second, we give a new derivation of nonlinear witnesses based on covariance matrices. Finally, we investigate extensi...

Jehovah's Witnesses are students of the Bible. They refuse transfusions out of obedience to the scriptural directive to abstain and keep from blood. Dr Muramoto disagrees with the Witnesses' religious beliefs in this regard. Despite this basic disagreement over the meaning of Biblical texts, Muramoto flouts the religious basis for the Witnesses' position. His proposed policy change about accept...

Abstract The validation of violation witnesses is an important step during software verification. It hides false alarms raised by verifiers from engineers, which in turn helps them concentrate on critical issues and improves the verification experience. Until 2021 edition Competition Software Verification ( SV-COMP ), CPAchecker was only witness validator for ConcurrencySafety category. This ar...

Abstract Aim Abdominal Wall Repair (AWR) is a surgical procedure with risk of bleeding during and after its performance. Patients who reject blood transfusion require strategies to avoid or increase the margin indication for transfusion. Materials methods We analyzed Jehovah's Witnesses patients underwent AWR in our hospital perioperative management aiming prevent fatal anemia allow performance...

This paper presents a novel technique for counterexample generation in probabilistic model checking of Markov chains and Markov Decision Processes. (Finite) paths in counterexamples are grouped together in witnesses that are likely to provide similar debugging information to the user. We list five properties that witnesses should satisfy in order to be useful as debugging aid: similarity, accur...

and Concrete Local Witnesses. Witnesses for abstract local variables tM are used in the guard strengthening proof obligation. Witnesses for concrete local variables tN are used in the guard equivalence proof obligation of external events (REF GRD EXT). Derived Witnesses. The user interface could suggest certain invariants and theorems to be global witnesses if they are equations of the form u =...

Witnesses to crimes sometimes perform cognitively demanding tasks while simultaneously observing a perpetrator. This division of attentional resources can cause witnesses to remember the perpetrator less accurately. We hypothesised that judging the veracity of a target individual can impair subsequent memory for his or her appearance and message. In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that the veraci...