This paper studies the impact of reservation for women on the performance of policy makers and on voters’ perceptions of this performance. Since the mid 1990’s, one third of Village Council head positions in India have been randomly reserved for a woman: In these councils only women could be elected to the position of chief. Village Councils are responsible for the provision of many local publi...

INTRODUCTION More than 80% of schistosomiasis patients in China live in the lake and marshland regions. The purpose of our study is to assess the effect of a comprehensive strategy to control transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in marshland regions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In a cluster randomized controlled trial, we implemented an integrated control strategy in twelve villages from ...

A Bayesian inference model was introduced to estimate community prevalence of Schistosomiasis japonica infection based on the data of a large-scale survey of Schistosomiasis japonica in the lake region in Hubei Province. A multistage cluster random sampling approach was applied to the endemic villages in the lake regions of Hubei Province in 2011. IHA test and Kato-Katz test were applied for th...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of repeated mass drug administration (MDA) of azithromycin in the Gambia on the nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and on the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. METHODS This study involved villages that participated in a cluster randomized trial comparing the effect of one versus three azithromycin MDA rounds on the prevalence of trach...

background: according to the health world organization drinking water must be free of chemicals and microbial contaminations which are risk to human health. therefore water quality control is very important. the purpose of this study is investigating the chemical quality and chlorination status of drinking water in kashan’s villages. methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on drinking...

background: the objective of the study is examining the microbial quality of drinking water in kashan’s villages, and determining the usage of safe water in rural population in terms of microbial quality in the second-half 2007. also the role of kashan rural water and wastewater company (krwwc) in improving drinking water quality in kashan rural areas was investigated. methods: in this descript...

introduction: breast feeding is universally and traditionally practicised in india. experts advocate breast feeding as the best method of feeding young infants. objective: to assess the role of various factors in determining colostrum feeding in block r. s. pura of district jammu. materials and methods: a stratified two-stage design with villages as the primary sampling unit and lactating mothe...

Schistosoma mansoni is highly endemic in Tanzania and affects all age groups at different degrees. However, its control approach does not include adult individuals who are equally at risk and infected. To justify the inclusion of adult individuals in MDA programs in Tanzania, the present study focused on determining the prevalence of S. mansoni infection and its related morbidities among adult ...

the natural result of the application of modernization approach in developing countries is the formation and development of large-scale migration from rural to urban areas. this has changed the sex structure of population in a number of rural settlements in the country. as the current situation maintains, it is clear that women will be the main beneficiaries of the development plans in rural ar...