extended abstract 1. introduction changes in recent decades and the rapid procedure of urbanization against village-escape, especially in the third world countries, have had different natures, and have made the rural communities encounter problematic developments in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. in the present study, the surrounding villages have been surveyed, which have immediate...

In vast markets of developing economies, especially in South Asia, both seasonal rural migrants and threatened urban workers constitute a bulk of the new class of working poor and are truly marginal in terms of their socio-economic status. We argue that gift-giving and gift exchanges in labour markets can perpetuate both rural and urban poverty among the working poor. In the context of working ...

introduction the historical experience of development process in developed countries revealed that rural development is a basic requirement for national development and that it should be considered and given high priority. accordingly in iran, the government also paid more attention to rural development in recent years. in this regard, different methods and approaches were implemented due to so...

This paper investigates the migration behavior of rural-urban migrants within Vietnam. It focuses on the length and intensity of migration and its respective determinants. The analysis uses panel data of 2200 rural households and data from a migrant tracking survey of 299 migrants from Vietnam. The findings show that migrants coming from rural households that faced a higher number of idiosyncra...

Sustainable consumption has been addressed from different perspectives in numerous studies. Recently, urban structure-related lifestyle issues have gained more emphasis in the research as cities search for effective strategies to reduce their 80% share of the global carbon emissions. However, the prevailing belief often seen is that cities would be more sustainable in nature compared to surroun...

Urban–rural integration is an inevitable course for the transformation and development of resource-exhausted cities, it also internal requirement to achieve sustainable goals. Taking Zaozhuang city as a case study, this paper constructed “Economic–Spatial–Social” (ESS) evaluation index system urban–rural according connotations. We used TOPSIS obstacle degree (OD) models measure level, from 2009...

The Preference for Larger Cities in China: Evidence from Rural-Urban Migrants China has long aimed to restrict population growth in large cities but encourages growth in small and medium-sized cities. At the same time, various government policies favor large cities. We conjecture that larger cities in China have more urban amenities and a better quality of life. We thus predict that a typical r...

I 1960, 33.0 percent of the world’s population lived in cities. In 2010, this share grew to 50.5 percent and will continue to rise as urbanization in the developing world takes place. Urbanization offers market opportunities that rural areas cannot match. The potential to learn, specialize and trade in cities raises per capita income (Glaeser 1998, 1999, 2011). Over the last thirty years, one q...

The urban heat island (UHI), the phenomenon of higher temperatures in urban land than the surrounding rural land, is commonly attributed to changes in biophysical properties of the land surface associated with urbanization. Here we provide evidence for a long-held hypothesis that the biogeochemical effect of urban aerosol or haze pollution is also a contributor to the UHI. Our results are based...