The role of leaf litter in hydrological processes and soil erosion of forest ecosystems is poorly understood. A field experiment was conducted under simulated rainfall in runoff plots with a slope of 10%. Two common types of litter in North China (from Quercus variabilis, representing broadleaf litter, and Pinus tabulaeformis, representing needle leaf litter), four amounts of litter, and five r...

This study presents the application of a set pair analysis-based similarity forecast (SPA-SF) model and wavelet denoising to forecast annual runoff. The SPA-SF model was built from identical, discrepant and contrary viewpoints. The similarity between estimated and historical data can be obtained. The weighted average of the annual runoff values characterized by the highest connection coefficien...

This study aims to reveal the runoff variation characteristics of long time series in a karst region, analyse comprehensively its different driving factors, and estimate quantitatively the contribution rates of climate change and human activities to net runoff variation. Liudong river basin, a typical karst watershed in southwest China, is the study site. Statistical methods, such as linear fit...

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were successfully applied to data observations from a small watershed consisting of commonly measured indicator bacteria, weather conditions, and turbidity to distinguish between human sewage and animal-impacted runoff, fresh runoff from aged, and agricultural land-use-associated fresh runoff from that of suburban land-use-associated-fresh runoff. The ANNs were...

The present study was conducted in Baitarani basin up to Anandapur gauging station of Odisha covering an area 8603.7 km2. Pre-processing from digital elevation model (DEM) done using HEC-Geo-HMS extension and spatial analyst tool ArcGIS. These pre-processed files were then imported HEC-HMS for simulating runoff. In this study, runoff simulation two methods, viz., composite distributed curve num...

Rainfall-runoff models are used for various applications, ranging from the estimation of catchment water yield to the estimation of land use and climate change impacts on runoff characteristics. Most rainfall-runoff models can be calibrated successfully to reproduce the recorded runoff, however it is difficult to determine appropriate parameter values to use for modelling runoff in an ungauged ...

A monthly rainfall-runoff model was calibrated for a large tropical catchment in southern India. Various land-use and climatic change scenarios were tested to assess their effects on mean annual runoff and assured water yield at the Bhavanisagar Reservoir in Tamil Nadu, India. The largest increase in runoff (19%) came from converting forest and savanna (the indigenous control scenario) to agric...

Concern over eutrophication has directed attention to manure management effects on phosphorus (P) loss in runoff. This study evaluates the effects of manure application rate and type on runoff P concentrations from two, acidic agricultural soils over successive runoff events. Soils were packed into 100- x 20- x 5-cm runoff boxes and broadcast with three manures (dairy, Bos taurus, layer poultry...

The identification of runoff contributing areas would provide the ideal focal points for water quality monitoring and Best Management Practice (BMP) implementation. The objective of this study was to use a field-scale approach to delineate critical runoff source areas and to determine the runoff mechanisms in a pasture hillslope of the Ozark Highlands in the USA. Three adjacent hillslope plots ...

Starting from the existing analysis of runoff from the Hotan River, the varying cause of runoff in the Hotan River is analyzed using the annual runoff accumulated curves and the orderly cluster method, pointing out that the runoff from the Hotan River coming from the mountains falls into the natural runoff with the fluctuations because of being subject to climate changes. It is worth noticing t...