Earthquakes of large magnitude generally above M 7.0, occurring in shallow depths of seabed fault zones, cause rapid and vertical displacement of sea water. This results in the generation of tsunamis. The tsunamis in turn generate a series of deep ocean waves that have larger wavelengths, greater amplitude, period and velocity compared to normal waves. These waves with tremendous energy propaga...

For the testing of the effect on the tsunami prevention facilities, a simplified method for tsunami risk assessment was suggested without wave run-up analysis. This method is proposed using calculated offshore tsunami waveform and field reconnaissance such as the seawall height, time necessary for residents’ evacuation and tsunami warning insurance. Then, two normalized values are evaluated; on...

Spinal shrinkage was used as an indicant of loading on the spine in circuit weight-training and running regimes. The loss of stature during two sets of a circuit of weight-training (n = 10), a 6 km run by novices (n = 9) and a 25 km run by trained runners (n = 7) was assessed in male subjects. Shrinkage was not significantly different between the weight-training regime and the 6 km run by novic...