Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a mixture of isomers of linoleic acid, has many beneficial effects, including decreased tumor growth in animal cancer models. The cis-9, trans-11 isomer of CLA (CLA9,11) can be formed in the rumen as an intermediate in biohydrogenation of linoleic acid. Recent data, however, indicate that tissue desaturation of trans-fatty acids is an important source of CLA9,11 ...

The rumen epithelium increases in size and surface area in response to increased feed intake, presumably due to increased epithelial cell proliferation. Isolated ruminal cells were cultured in vitro to determine the effect of various growth factors on ruminal cell proliferation. The growth factors evaluated included insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I and epidermal growth factor. VFA propiona...

Whether dietary non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), a rapid fermentable substance, affects immune homeostasis of rumen through the modulation of interactions of ruminal microbiota and epithelial toll-like receptors (TLRs) remains unclear. A combination of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCRs was applied to study the synergetic responses of ruminal microbiota and epithelial TLRs to the d...

High-grain (HG) feeding used in intensive goat production can affect the physiology of the rumen wall, but the changes induced in the epimural bacterial community and host Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are not well understood. In this study, 10 male goats were randomly allocated to two groups and fed either a hay diet (0% grain; n = 5) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 5). The changes in the ruminal e...

Rumen epithelial Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) catalyzes the exchange of extracellular Na(+) for intracellular H(+). Thus, it is of importance in the maintenance of Na and pH homeostasis of rumen epithelial cells. We have tested the hypothesis that an increase in energy and protein intake induces alterations of NHE isoform 1, 2, and 3 (NHE1, NHE1, and NHE3, respectively) mRNA abundance in the rume...

Emerging evidence at the mRNA level indicates that feeding high-grain diets to ruminants leads to coordinated changes in the molecular response of the rumen epithelium. Yet, epithelial adaptation of the hindgut to increasing dietary grain levels has not been established in ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize alterations in mRNA expression associated with nutrie...

Alterations in rumen epithelial structure and function during grain-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) are largely undescribed. In this study, four mature nonlactating dairy cattle were transitioned from a high-forage diet (HF; 0% grain) to a high-grain diet (HG; 65% grain). After feeding the HG diet for 3 wk, the cattle were transitioned back to the original HF diet, which was fed for an...

PURPOSE It is widely accepted that lipopolysaccharide and volatile fatty acids (VFA) accumulate in the digestive tract of ruminants fed diets containing high portions of grain. Compared to the ruminal epithelium, the hindgut epithelium is composed of a monolayer structure that is more "leaky" for lipopolysaccharide and susceptible to organic acid-induced damage. The aim of this study was to inv...

Introduction: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is one of the most common mucocutaneous lesion, and its etiologic factors have not been elucidated yet. OLP has two different clinical forms including reticular and erosive. Mast cells function in non-specific immunology is an etiologic factor involved in the formation of lichen planus. This study aimed at determining the pattern of mast cells presence in ...