Rangelands are expansive, unimproved lands located in arid or semi–arid regions, spanning a variety of landscapes including savannahs, high and low altitude deserts, mountain meadows, and tundra. Rangelands are generally unsuitable for crop production due to aridity, topography, and extreme temperatures. Rangelands support varying mixtures of native and nonnative grasses, grass–like plants, for...

introduction there is a special competition among many metropolitansfor improving physical and semantic quality of urban landscape to upgrade their positions in global level and attract more tourists. based on such characteristics, one of the important goals of metropolitan management planners of the society is to develop open populated spaces and make leisure centers. urban spaces development ...

Livestock overgrazing can threaten the ecological integrity of rangelands, and can also threaten the sustainability of pastoralist societies who depend on rangelands for their livelihood. Using facilitator plants in the restoration of degraded semi-arid rangelands offers a promising strategy because in such environments, facilitators can ameliorate harsh conditions that often limit the establis...

Investigation of the Effective Factors on Improvement Stakeholders Relationships in Zayandeh-Rud Basin

Background Self-medication refers to the use of medicines to treat self-diagnosed diseases without consulting any healthcare professionals. Irrational drug use and self-medication have serious negative consequences both on health and economy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the habits related to rational use of drugs (RUD) and to estimate the prevalence of self-medication practice...

Motivated by recent developments in the computation of periods for string compactifications with c = 9, we develop a complementary method which also produces a convenient basis for related calculations. The models are realized as Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in weighted projective spaces of dimension four or as Landau-Ginzburg vacua. The calculation reproduces known results and also allows a treatm...

Rotary ultrasonic drilling (RUD) has become an effective approach for machining advanced composites which are widely using in the field of aeronautics. The cutting kinematics and corresponding material removal mechanisms distinct different areas during RUD. However, these fundamentals have not been fully considered existing studies. In this research, two forms interaction induced by vibration w...

Rangelands are uncultivated lands that include grasslands, savannahs, steppes, shrub lands, deserts and tundra. The native vegetation on rangelands is predominantly grasses, forbs and shrubs (Kothmann, 1974). Rangelands cover 31 percent of the land surface area of the United States (Havstad et al., 2009), and up to half of the land surface area worldwide (Lund, 2007). Most land areas that are n...