BACKGROUND The psychometric properties of the Revised Restraint Scale (RRS) have been well established in western populations but not in Chinese adolescents. PURPOSE This study investigated the psychometric properties of RRS and its validity in different subgroups for Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. METHOD In 2007, 909 Hong Kong students aged 12 to 18 years (55.3% boys) completed a questionn...

Repeated restraint stress (RRS; 3 h of restraint on 3 consecutive days) in rodents produces temporary hypophagia, but a long-term downregulation of body weight. The mild stress (MS) of an intraperitoneal injection of saline and housing in a novel room for 2 h also inhibits food intake and weight gain, but the effects are smaller than for RRS. Previous exposure to RRS exaggerates hypophagia, glu...

Reduced functional residual capacity (FRC) is consistently found in obese subjects. In 10 obese subjects (mean +/- SE age 49.0 +/- 6 yr, weight 128.4 +/- 8 kg, body mass index 44 +/- 3 kg/m2) without respiratory disease, we examined 1) supine changes in total lung capacity (TLC) and subdivisions, 2) whether values of total respiratory resistance (Rrs) are appropriate for mid-tidal lung volume (...

Remote sensing algorithms that use red and NIR bands for the estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration [Chl] can be more effective in inland and coastal waters than algorithms that use blue and green bands. We tested such two-band and three-band red-NIR algorithms using comprehensive synthetic data sets of reflectance spectra and inherent optical properties related to various water parameters a...

Determining the dominant optically active substances in water bodies via classification can improve the accuracy of bio-optical and water quality parameters estimated by remote sensing. This study provides four robust centroid sets from in situ remote sensing reflectance (Rrs (λ)) data presenting typical optical types obtained by plugging different similarity measures into fuzzy c-means (FCM) c...

This paper presents an operational semantics for the core of Scheme. Our specification improves over the existing R5RS denotational specification in four ways. First, it is more complete, since it contains eval, quote, and dynamic-wind. Second, it models multiple values in a way that does not require changes to unrelated parts of the language. Third, it provides a more faithful model of Scheme’...

Rats exposed to 3 h of restraint stress on each of 3 days (RRS) lose weight on the days of RRS and gain weight at the same rate as controls after stress ends, but do not return to the weight of controls. RRS rats also show an exaggerated endocrine response to subsequent novel stressors. Studies described here tested the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRFR) antagonism on RRS...

The rapid response system (RRS) is an innovative system designed for in-hospital, at-risk patients but underutilization of the RRS generally results in unexpected cardiopulmonary arrests. We implemented an extended RRS (E-RRS) that was triggered by actively screening at-risk patients prior to calls from primary medical attendants. These patients were identified from laboratory data, emergency c...

Paralysis with pancuronium bromide is used in newborn infants to facilitate ventilatory support during respiratory failure. Changes in lung mechanics have been attributed to paralysis. The aim of this study was to examine whether or not paralysis per se has an influence on the passive respiratory mechanics, resistance (Rrs) and compliance (Crs) of the respiratory system in newborn infants. In 3...