Objective. We sought to compare positive surgical margin rates (PSM), estimated blood loss (EBL), and quality of life outcomes (QOL) among perineal (RPP), retropubic (RRP), and robot-assisted laparoscopic (RALP) prostatectomies. Methods. Records from 463 consecutive men undergoing RPP (92), RRP (180), or RALP (191) for clinically localized prostate cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Age, per...

A relativistic pseudopotentional (RPP) for use in ab initio molecular electronic structure calculations is derived in the context of the relativistic effective core potential (REP) method of Lee et al. The resulting atom-specific RPP has salient features of the REP imbedded within it while retaining the form of a functional that is dynamically defined at runtime when used in calculations on mol...

Incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) increases sharply after menopause in women. Rate pressure product (RPP) is a major determinant of cardiac oxygen consumption. It is an important indicator of ventricular function. RPP varies with exercise. The peak rate pressure product (PRPP) which gives an accurate reflection of the myocardial oxygen demand and myocardial workload is the RPP at peak ...

a r t i c l e i n f o Mixed bundling (MB), in which products are sold separately and as a bundle, is a form of second degree price discrimination. In this study we examine how MB and its variants compare against reserved product pricing (RPP), a form of co-promotion. Used by Amazon.com, among others, RPP consists of the firm offering individual products and then enticing single product buyers w...

We compared the outcomes, advantages, and disadvantages of retropubic and perineal approaches to radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. From 1990 to 2000, 37 patients (average age: 66.6 years) who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) and 30 patients (average age: 70.1 years) who underwent radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP) were identified from the database of our department. O...

This paper examines the effect of the receiver pays principle (RPP) on the calling price, social welfare and interconnection charge. A significant difficulty with introducing this system in telecommunications pricing is the possibility that the receiving party may refuse to receive a call if the charge he has to bear is very high. We find the condition under which no calls are refused and show ...

INTRODUCTION The product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure, termed as rate-pressure product (RPP), is a very reliable indicator of myocardial oxygen demand and is widely used clinically. There have been previous attempts to describe the relationship between RPP and the onset of pain in angina pectoris. The current study aimed to evaluate the association between RPP results and scan find...

A broad range of viral and bacterial pathogens can cause acute respiratory tract infection. For rapid detection of a broad respiratory pathogen spectrum, multiplex real-time PCR is ideal. This study evaluated the performance of the new Luminex NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel (NxTAG-RPP) in comparison with the BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel (FA-RP) or singleplex real-time PCR as reference....

We discsus Hinton’s (1989) relative payoff procedure (RPP), a static reinforcement learning algorithm whose foundation is not stochastic gradient ascent. We show circumstances under which applying the RPP is guaranteed to increase the mean return, even though it can make large changes in the values of the parameters. The proof is based on a mapping between the RPP and a form of the expectation-...

We discuss Hinton’s (1989) relative payoff procedure (RPP), a static reinforcement learning algorithm whose foundation is not stochastic gradient ascent. We show circumstances under which applying the RPP is guaranteed to increase the mean return, even though it can make large changes in the values of the parameters. The proof is based on a mapping between the RPP and a form of the expectation-...