Due to the increasing use of wireless communications, infrastructure-less networks such as Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) should be highly considered. DTN is most suitable where there is an intermittent connection between communicating nodes such as wireless mobile ad hoc network nodes. In general, a message sending node in DTN copies the message and transmits it to nodes which it encounters. A...

in recent years, routing has been the most focused area in ad hoc networks research. on-demand routing in particular, is widely developed in bandwidth constrained mobile wireless ad hoc networks because of its effectiveness and efficiency. most proposed on-demand routing protocols are built and relied on single route for each data session. whenever there is a link disconnection on the active ro...

In recent years, routing has been the most focused area in ad hoc networks research. On-demand routing in particular, is widely developed in bandwidth constrained mobile wireless ad hoc networks because of its effectiveness and efficiency. Most proposed on-demand routing protocols are built and relied on single route for each data session. Whenever there is a link disconnection on the active ro...

Multicast protocols are used to transfer the messages with a selected group of devices. Multicast is an effective method to maintenance group communication and decrease communicating energy. Multicasting can efficiently support a wide variety of applications. It is challenging to design a separate multicast routing protocol for sensor networks. The multicast routing protocols are fall under the...

Energy efficient routing protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) and Wireless Sensor Network is a challenging task. Many different routing protocols based on different features have been proposed to the IETF. Performances of many of these routing protocols have been evaluated focusing on metrics such as delay, routing overhead, and packet delivery. Thus, this paper will discuss about the po...

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) are characterized as networks without any physical connections. In these networks there is no fixed topology due to the mobility of nodes, interference, multipath propagation and path loss. Hence a dynamic routing protocol is needed for these networks to function properly. Many Routing protocols have been developed for accomplishing this task. MANET routing protoc...