ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase (F(O)F(1)-ATPase). Its rotary electromotor (F(O)) translocates protons (in some organisms sodium cations) and generates torque to drive the rotary chemical generator (F(1)). Elastic power transmission between F(O) and F(1) is essential for smoothing the cooperation of these stepping motors, thereby increasing their kinetic efficiency. A particularly compliant ...

This paper investigates the use of disturbance models in the design of wind turbine individual pitch controllers. Previous work has used individual pitch control and disturbance models with the Multiblade Coordinate Transformation to design controllers that reduce the blade loads at the frequencies associated with the rotor speed. This paper takes a similar approach of using a disturbance model...

To cope with the future challenges to blade that will be introduced by development of extreme-scale wind turbines, this study focuses on optimization design aerodynamic shape a downwind via inverse method. Moreover, genetic algorithm is used optimize chord, twist angle, and pre-bending parameters maximize energy production rotor minimize flapping bending moment root. By taking 5-MW turbine as o...

Structural damage in materials evolves over time due to growth of fatigue cracks in homogenous materials and a complicated process of matrix cracking, delamination, fiber breakage and fiber matrix debonding in composite materials. In this study, a finite element model of the helicopter rotor blade is used to analyze the effect of damage growth on the modal frequencies. Phenomenological models o...

A morphing segmented concept is proposed herein for future extreme-scale wind turbine systems. The morphing may be accomplished by using segmented blades connected by screw sockets and a tension cable system. At low wind and rotor speeds, the segmented blades are fully tensioned and set at high pitch to ensure start-up and maximum power at low speeds. At high rotor rpm, the cable tension can be...

Distortion or bend in a turbine rotor (especially HIP rotors) may be caused by a number of factors, either singularly or in combination. In general, the causes of rotor bend can be classified invariably in two categories: Rapidly forming permanent rotor bends and/or Slower forming rotor bends, which could trip the turbines’ emergency stop. One of the major modifying solutions for rapid repairin...

This paper focuses on the fault characteristics of bending and torsional motions a rub-impact dual-rotor system caused by aircraft flight maneuvers. The equations bending-torsional coupling motion are established considering low-pressure rotor transient barrel roll an aircraft. 4th Runge-Kutta method with varied steps is used to obtain responses. Then, influences parameters, including stiffness...

A finite element model of an aero-engine dual-rotor system with intermediate bearing supported by six bearings is set up. Three modes non-concentricity caused the assembly process are defined, namely parallel non-concentricity, front deflection angle and rear non-concentricity. The influence on vibration characteristics investigated in detail. results show that have a significant bending modals...