To date, elliptical gear has been commonly used in automobile, automatic machinery, pumps, flow meters and printing presses for its particular non-uniform rotation. However, the dynamic characteristics of elliptical gears have not been clarified yet. In this study, The calculation as well as the experiment of two elliptical gears, which are a single elliptical gear and a double elliptical gear,...

Cells of Escherichia coli are able to swim up gradients of chemical attractants by modulating the direction of rotation of their flagellar motors, which spin alternately clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW). Rotation in either direction has been thought to be symmetric and exhibit the same torques and speeds. The relationship between torque and speed is one of the most important measurable...

Gender differences in a psychometrical and in a chronometrical mental rotation test and in a standardized math test were investigated with a sample size of 109 boys and girls aged 7 or 8 years. The results revealed gender differences in all accuracy-based measures, i.e., in the paper-pencil mental rotation test, in the math test, and in the error rate of the chronometrical test. In line with th...

A gray line that rotated about its own center against a stationary background of vertical stripes appeared to double in perceptual speed as it rotated through the vertical position and thus momentarily aligned with the background. Four factors may contribute to this speed-up: (i) landmarks, in which the tip of the moving vertical line moves horizontally across the maximum number of stationary s...

Three mm thick plates of commercial pure copper were welded via friction stir welding method using a floating bobbin tool. The effect of different process variables such as the tool transverse speed and the tool rotation speed were examined in order to create a weld with the desired properties. A defect-free weld was obtained at a rotation speed of 1400 rpm and a transverse speed of 18 mm/min w...

In industrial production systems, including the most important factors in the economic field machining operations, reduce tool wear due to abrasive nature of the phenomenon on many factors, including temperature Lathe tool, influences, machining conditions (cutting speed, speed losses, forcing to rebuild parts of the manufacturing tolerances disassemble tool wear is caused by the phenomenon, as...

We study the interplay between rotation and openness for mode coupling in wavelength-scale microcavities. In cavities deformed from a circular disk, the decay rates of a quasidegenerate pair of resonances may cross or anticross with increasing rotation speed. The standing-wave resonances evolve to traveling-wave resonances at high rotation speed, however both the clockwise (CW) and counterclock...

Electrical drives frequently use incremental encoders as position sensor. The paper deals with the modeling and simulation of an incremental encoder and associated units for processing the information provided by the encoder. A mathematical model of the incremental encoder is presented. Based on encoder signals the direction of the rotation, the position and the speed are identified. The descri...

A major debate in the mental-rotation literature concerns the question of whether objects are represented holistically during rotation. Effects of object complexity on rotational speed are considered strong evidence against such holistic representations. In Experiment 1, such an effect of object complexity was markedly present. A closer look on individual performance patterns, however, revealed...