BACKGROUND The ideal aortic valve substitute in young and middle-aged adults remains unknown. We sought to compare the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing the Ross procedure and those receiving a mechanical aortic valve replacement (AVR). METHODS From 1990 to 2014, 258 patients underwent a Ross procedure and 1444 had a mechanical AVR at a single institution. Patients were matched into 2...

Continental Antarctic is perceived as a largely pristine environment, although certain localized regions (e.g., parts of the Ross Dependency Dry Valleys) are relatively heavy impacted by human activities. The procedures imposed on Antarctic field parties for the handling and disposal of both solid and liquid wastes are designed to minimise eutrofication and contamination (particularly by human ...

In syntactic theory, ‘freezing’ refers to the idea that a constituent extraposed to a non-canonical position is resistant to extraction of any of its subconstituents (What did Terry see a movie yesterday about ?). The unacceptability of such examples, compared to minimally different sentences without extraposition, has been claimed to be a result of a grammatical constraint on dependency format...

Two new ocean tide models for the Ross Sea including the ocean cavity under the Ross Ice Shelf, are described. The optimum model for predicting ice shelf surface height variability is based on assimilation of gravimetry-derived tidal constituents from the Ross Ice Shelf. Synthetic aperture radar interferograms provide an independent test of model performance. The standard deviation of tide heig...

Author Contributions Conception and Design: Shafiq U Ahmed, Ross Carruthers, Anthony J Chalmers Development of methodology: Shafiq U Ahmed, Ross Carruthers, Lesley Gilmour, Salih Yildirim Acquisition of data: Shafiq U Ahmed, Ross Carruthers, Lesley Gilmour Analysis of data: Shafiq U Ahmed, Ross Carruthers, Lesley Gilmour Writing/review of manuscript: Shafiq U Ahmed, Colin Watts, Anthony J Chalm...