introduction: the aim of this in vitro study was to compare the amount of apically extruded debris after root canal preparation using rotary and reciprocating systems in severely curved root canals. methods and materials: thirty six extracted human mandibular first molars with 25-35 ° curvature in their mesiobuccal (mb) canal (according to schneider’s method) were cleaned and shaped with protap...

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of planting pattern and irrigation system on antioxidant activity of wheat and Persian clover. The experiment was carried out as a two-factor factorial with three replications. The first factor was irrigation system (conventional and partial root-zone irrigation) and the second was planting pattern (sole wheat, sole Persian clover, alterna...

There are two notions of the extended affine root systems in the literature which both are introduced axiomatically. One, extended affine root system (SAERS for short), consists only of nonisotropic roots, while the other, extended affine root system (EARS for short), contains certain isotropic roots too. We show that there is a one to one correspondence between (reduced) SEARSs and EARSs. Name...

introduction: vertical root fracture (vrf) is common in endodontically treated teeth. conventional and digital radiographies have limitations for detection of vrfs. cone-beam computed tomography (cbct) offers greater detection accuracy of vrfs in comparison with conventional radiography. this study compared the effects of metal artifacts on detection of vrfs by using two cbct systems. methods a...

Plant roots, which are essential for providing anchorage to the soil, acquiring mineral nutrients and water, and for synthesizing a plethora of metabolites, provide an excellent model for studying physiological, developmental, and metabolic processes at a systems level. The challenge to understand such processes has been compared with deciphering the principle of a radio by a reductionist appro...