Canaline and canavanine (inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis) effects on root and shoot formation were determined in vitro for etiolated hypocotyl segments of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Canaline (an ornithine analogue) at 10 to 100 μmol/L inhibited root and shoot formation. The simultaneous application of putrescine did not reverse canaline-induced inhibition of root formation. Ornithi...

ECOLOGY Correction for “Recovery of a top predator mediates negative eutrophic effects on seagrass,” by Brent B. Hughes, Ron Eby, Eric Van Dyke, M. Tim Tinker, Corina I. Marks, Kenneth S. Johnson, and Kerstin Wasson, which appeared in issue 38, September 17, 2013, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (110:15313–15318; first published August 27, 2013; 10.1073/pnas.1302805110). The authors note that Fig. 2 ...

The roots and stems of dicotyledonous plants thicken by the cell proliferation in the cambium. Cambial proliferation changes in response to environmental factors; however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate cambial activity are largely unknown. The quadruple Arabidopsis thaliana mutant atipt1;3;5;7, in which 4 genes encoding cytokinin biosynthetic isopentenyltransferases are disrupted by T-...

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of elemental sulfur, gypsum and chelating agent (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) on copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium, chromium and lead uptake by Brassica juncea from sewage sludge. Addition of sulphur acidified the sludge, which caused the pH decrease to 5.4 with an initial pH 6.7. The shoot and root biomass were increased with sulfur a...

ECOLOGY Correction for “Recovery of a top predator mediates negative eutrophic effects on seagrass,” by Brent B. Hughes, Ron Eby, Eric Van Dyke, M. Tim Tinker, Corina I. Marks, Kenneth S. Johnson, and Kerstin Wasson, which appeared in issue 38, September 17, 2013, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (110:15313–15318; first published August 27, 2013; 10.1073/pnas.1302805110). The authors note that Fig. 2 ...

Licorice plants, Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata, were investigated for callus induction using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium combined with auxins and cytokinins. After 4 weeks of culture, 33-100% of leaf or stem explants formed calli. Maximum of shoot induction from callus cultures was achieved by G. inflata stem explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l alpha-n...

ECOLOGY Correction for “Recovery of a top predator mediates negative eutrophic effects on seagrass,” by Brent B. Hughes, Ron Eby, Eric Van Dyke, M. Tim Tinker, Corina I. Marks, Kenneth S. Johnson, and Kerstin Wasson, which appeared in issue 38, September 17, 2013, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (110:15313–15318; first published August 27, 2013; 10.1073/pnas.1302805110). The authors note that Fig. 2 ...

Arsenic (As) is a bioactive metalloid that highly toxic to humans, animals, and plants. Environmental contamination of As especially in groundwater increases due natural anthropogenic activities. The present study was performed evaluate the potential wild Tagetes species for phytoremediation contaminated soil/water. This comparative research aims analyze accumulation tolerance two Tagetes, T. m...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can enhance plant resistance to NaCl stress in several ways. Two fundamental roles involve osmotic and ionic adjustment. By stimulating accumulation of solutes, the symbiosis can help plants sustain optimal water balance and diminish Na(+) toxicity. The size of the AM effect on osmolytes has varied widely and is unpredictable. We conducted a meta-analysis t...

Root traits influence the amount of water and nutrient absorption, and are important for maintaining crop yield under drought conditions. The objectives of this research were to characterize variability of root traits among spring wheat genotypes and determine whether root traits are related to shoot traits (plant height, tiller number per plant, shoot dry weight, and coleoptile length), region...