that produce the \best ̄t" to the data. Here, n denotes the noise or ̄tting error. By the term \best ̄t," we mean the minimization of the ̄tting error in some sense. For example, typical norm or norm-like functionals used as arguments in the above minimization problem are: 2 knk1 = ess. supt jn(t)j; the L1 norm. 2 knk2 = ¡R1 0 jn(t)j2 dt¢1=2; the L2 norm (energy). 2 knk2;± = ¡R1 0 e2±tjn(t)j2 dt¢1=...

In this paper we propose a method for human joint torque estimation with surfaceelectromyogram (sEMG) during dynamic joint movements. sEMG measurement is non-invasive and costs less than external force measurement. Typical torque estimation methods from EMG are available for isometric movements. Our method works also during dynamic movement and outputs the torque timehistory data. Their propose...

A new device of reduction for seismic response using friction force was developed. In this paper, vibration analysis of a small base isolation system using the device was investigated by excitation experiment using artificial seismic waves. Peak acceleration amplitude on the base isolation system has decreased to 43 90% compared to input waves. And root mean square (RMS) amplitude has decreased...

convolution each of the BOLD responses with a single universal transfer function, modeled BOLD signals were generated which when differenced with the measured BOLD signals showed residual signals which were smaller than the measurement uncertainty. The root mean square (RMS) of the residual signal (left number) was compared with the averaged standard deviation (SD) of the measured data (right n...

We are examining surface characteristics of ultraviolet pulsed-laser micromachined structures in polymide as a function of the incident laser energy and the distance between subsequent laser spots in order to prepare surfaces for laser direct-write deposition of metals. Variations in the spot-to-spot translation distance provide an alternative means of average depth and roughness control when c...

Real-time visual biofeedback (VBF) is a voluntary control mechanism of postural activity using additional visual information of the centre of pressure (CoP) position. The aim of the study was to examine balance control performance in subjects of different age during the stance on different support surfaces with and without VBF. The study was performed on 20 young and 13 older subjects during st...

To cite: van Walbeek C. Tob Control Published Online First: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol2013-051178 ABSTRACT Background The tobacco industry claims that illicit trade in cigarettes has increased sharply since the 1990s and that government has lost substantial tax revenue. Objectives (1) To determine whether cigarette excise tax revenue has been below budget in rece...

[1] The Potsdam Magnetic Model of the Earth (POMME) is a geomagnetic field model providing an estimate of the Earth’s core, crustal, magnetospheric, and induced magnetic fields. The internal field is represented to spherical harmonic (SH) degree 90, while the secular variation and acceleration are given to SH degree 16. Static and time-varying magnetospheric fields are parameterized in Geocentr...

Can the height of a rice plant be measured from space? TanDEM-X, a mission designed to generate high accuracy global elevation models, has been shown to be capable of doing just that [1]. The growth of a rice plant can be observed starting from its vegetative phase, through its maturation phase until harvest. The measured height is very accurate, with a root mean square error ranging from a few...

Floor vibrations induced by human walking were investigated in a reinforced concrete structure. Six experimental floor structures were built in laboratories with the same dimensions and boundary conditions. Subjective tests were performed to assess the vibration serviceability of the floor structures. First, the subjects were asked to walk across a floor and then to rate the intensity of the vi...