Palm oil solid wastes consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In this study, a single stage of acid hydrolysis process of palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) for production of fermentable sugar was carried out under moderate temperature (45°C) and ambient pressure. The effect of four different process variables such as solid size, HCl concentration, solid percentage and temperature were in...

the silica boron sulfuric acid nanoparticles (sbsans) as an efficient heterogeneous solid acid catalyst with both brønsted and lewis acidic sites catalyzed the preparation of bis-4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives using reaction of aldehydes and 4-hydroxycoumarin under mild and solvent-free condition at room temperature. this new and efficient methodology has advantages in comparison with currently ...

The methodology involves preparing polyvinyl sulfuric acid as a solid acid by simple mixing ofpolyvinyl alcohol with chlorosulfonic acid in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. The catalytic ability ofthe solid acid was investigated for the facile conversion of benzylic alcohols to the unsymmetricalethers with aliphatic alcohols in the presence of the solid acid. Results show that the solid acid isan ap...

[B(OH)3]0.78[B(OH)2(OSO3H)]0.22 or (BSA) was simply prepared by addition of chlorosulfonic acid to commercial boric acid at room temperature. This cheap and green solid acid was used as an efficient catalyst for synthesis of acylals from aldehydes under solvent-free conditions at room temperature.

[B(OH)3]0.78[B(OH)2(OSO3H)]0.22 or (BSA) was simply prepared by addition of chlorosulfonic acid to commercial boric acid at room temperature. This cheap and green solid acid was used as an efficient catalyst for synthesis of acylals from aldehydes under solvent-free conditions at room temperature.

Effective conversion of lignocellulosic material as renewable energy source has significant reflection on economic and environmental impact. Diluted acid hydrolysis at optimal condition was used to liberate fermentable sugar. The sorghum stalks, the alkali pretreatment of biomass and hydrolysis in diluted hydrochloric acid were investigated. The hydrolysis reaction was carried out in a 5L react...

The Fe-Ni-Sb-B amorphous alloy has been prepared by a solid-solid chemical reaction of ferric trichloride, nickel chloride, antimony chloride and potassium borohydride powders at room temperature. The inductive couple plasma study indicates that the resultant is composed of Fe 5.38 %, Ni 56.19 %, Sb 29.02 % and B 0.44 %. The XRD and thermal analysis show that the alloy is a non-strict sense amo...

The synthesis of (U,Th)O(2) solid solutions at a relatively low temperature of 1100 °C using a new technique is described. First, separate actinide oxides were reacted with ammonium hydrogen fluoride to form ammonium actinide fluorides at room temperature. Subsequently, this fluoride was converted to an actinide oxide solid solution using a two-phase reaction process, which involved heating of ...

gem-dihydroperoxides as nearly stable peroxidic derivatives of aldehydes and ketones are known important intermediates in synthesis of anti-malaria drugs. also, because containing high concentration of peroxidic oxygen, recently, some of these compounds have been used as solid, efficient and powerful oxidants in many oxidation organic reactions. generally, these compounds are synthesized via pe...