Whole colonies of Bacillus cereus, B. megaterium, B. mycoides CN2495, Corynebacterium hofmanni NCTC1938, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCIB1899, Nocardia graminis NCTC4728, Pseudomonas viscosa, and Serratia marcescens were prepared for scanning electron microscopic examination by freeze-drying and metal-coating. The arrangement of individual cells within colonies could be seen. Ce...

The distributions of many proteins in rod-shaped bacteria are far from homogenous. Often they accumulate at the cell poles or in the cell center. At the same time, the copy number of proteins in a single cell is relatively small making the patterns noisy. To explore limits to protein patterns due to molecular noise, we studied a generic mechanism for spontaneous polar protein assemblies in rods...

When Bradyrhizobium japonicum I-110 was transferred into medium containing 40 mM succinate or 40 mM fumarate, over 90% of the bacteria acquired a swollen, pleomorphic form similar to that of bacteroids. The induction of pleomorphism was dependent on the carbon substrate and concentration but was independent of the hydrogen ion and sodium ion concentration. Cell extracts of rod-shaped and pleomo...

The time course of morphological changes during lysis of Escherichia coli cells was examined with respect to an undisturbed release of nucleoids. The addition of detergents to plasmolyzed, osmotic sensitive cells resulted in the immediate reversal of plasmolysis followed by the appearance of rod-shaped ghost cells without any detectable spheroplast formation. Electron microscopic examination of...

Two-dimensional angle-resolved light scattering maps of individual rod-shaped bacteria are measured at the single-cell level. Using quantitative phase imaging and Fourier transform light scattering techniques, the light scattering patterns of individual bacteria in four rod-shaped species (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, Synechococcus elongatus, and Escherichia coli) are measured with u...

Productive bacterial cell division and survival of progeny requires tight coordination between chromosome segregation and cell division to ensure equal partitioning of DNA. Unlike rod-shaped bacteria that undergo division in one plane, the coccoid human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus divides in three successive orthogonal planes, which requires a different spatial control compared to rod-shaped...

Sensor based planning for rod-shaped robots is necessary for the realistic deployment of noncircular symmetric robots into unknown environments. To this end, the rod hierarchical generalized Voronoi graph (rod-HGVG), introduced in this paper, is a roadmap for rod-like robots. A key feature of this roadmap is that it can be incrementally constructed using distance (range) information. This plann...

Capsids of numerous filamentous and rod-shaped plant viruses possess helical symmetry. In positive-stranded RNA viruses, helical capsids are typically composed of many identical subunits of the viral capsid protein (CP), encapsidating a molecule of viral genomic RNA. Current progress in structural studies of helical plant viruses has revealed differences between filamentous and rod-shaped virus...