Nepal’s terrain is dissected by many rivers and streams to form a complex of watersheds. Natural and human-induced processes operate on these watersheds. The main processes that lead to the degradation of watersheds are landslides, soil erosion, floods, biodiversity loss, and unsustainable water extraction and farming practices. These lead to the loss of soil fertility, the depletion of water t...

Surface water and groundwater in the Heihe river basin of China are interconnected and the pattern of water resources exploitation has a direct effect on the interaction of groundwater and surface water, especially on a downstream oasis. A threedimensional groundwater flow simulation model with eight model layers was established to simulate the regional groundwater flow in the multilayered aqui...

We consider the problem of sharing water among agents located along a river. Each agent’s benefit depends on the amount of water consumed. An allocation of water is efficient when it maximizes total benefits. To sustain an efficient water allocation the agents can compensate each other by monetary transfers. Every water allocation and transfer schedule yields a welfare distribution, where an ag...

Guilan province is located in south and south-west of the Caspian Sea. Guilan is one of the richest and the most humid region in the country due to suitable climate, ample rainfall and many water sources (springs, rivers, creeks,..),. Despite the prevailing favorable conditions, limnological studies, especially in the mountainous regions of this province are limited. A limnological study was co...

Eutrophication is one of the harmful phenomena which affects continental water (rivers, lakes, springs, etc.) due to injection N and P. If it easy manage point source pollution, non-point pollution still represents a challenge. Management practices such as tillage technics, fertilizer management, wetlands appear solutions remove P from runoff water.

the aim of this study was to determine the best interpolation method to achieve spatial and quality distribution of springs from point view (tds) and ph in mirdeh watershed nw kurdistan province. field sampling collections was done and 268 springs of total 904 springs of whole watershed selected randomly. electrical conductivity and ph of springs was determined and 168 springs was used as train...

geographical position, topographic conditions and climatic variety have caused the ‎province of zanjan to be known as the province of four seasons. its unique ‎ecological conditions, forest and pasture coverage, numerous water resources, ‎wildlife, several hunting zones, protected areas, caves, waterfalls, springs and tens of ‎other beautiful unique landscapes have caused this province ...

it is widely held that although very few works by muslim philosophers deal exclusively with art and beauty, nonetheless specific discussions on these subjects can be extracted from their works. this is certainly true in the case of qadi said qummi, who gives a separate treatment of art and beauty in his commentary on the fourth chapter of the uthulojia (the theology of aristotle). the essential...

Springs are the important water resources, which thier study is necessary in terms of their management and exploitation. In northern Iran, the karst springs locate in the central Alborz highlands and alluvial springs on the Caspian southern coasts.The Karst and alluvial springs discharge is variable because of different conditions in terms of aquifer, topography and precipitation .This study ha...