In math class, expected value is often used when deciding whether or not a game is worth playing. A common refrain is that games with negative expected value should be avoided. However, nearly all games of chance have a negative expected value, and a simple expected value analysis fails to explain why these games are so popular. In this article, we consider three psychological factors leading t...

The familiar dictum ‘‘First, do no harm’’ is particularly applicable in the setting of intracameral medications in cataract and anterior segment surgery. Intracameral medication has multiple potential uses in these surgical procedures, including pupil dilation, anesthesia, and prevention of endophthalmitis/inflammation. Its advantages and disadvantages were highlighted in the ‘‘Spotlight on Cat...

The American Psychiatric Association is considering listing the 'Psychosis Risk Syndrome' as a diagnosis in its own right in the DSM-5. This decision recognises the paradigm shift in clinical psychiatry to a model of early intervention. However, this decision has aroused much discussion. The controversy which has arisen around this proposal reflects the difficulties in implementing the early in...

untreated control would be considered unethical. Mortality data from the trial showed a significant reduction in fatal myocardial infarction in the treatment group.' The reduction in serum cholesterol concentration observed is of a magnitude which should be advantageous. We conclude that tamoxifen significantly reduces the serum cholesterol concentration in postmenopausal women with breast canc...