in direct torque control, the selection of an applied voltage vector is based on the measuredparameters at the beginning of the sampling period. the delay between the measurement and the application of the voltage vector is the origin of an extra torque ripple. in this paper, a new predictive controller is proposed for compensating this delay and reducing the torque ripple. the stator current i...

In the orignal work on LT codes by Luby, the ripple size during decoding was designed to be approximately constant. In fact, the Ideal Soliton and the Robust Soliton distributions were designed to yield an approximately unit ripple size and a fixed ripple size greater than one, respectively. In this work, the redundancy within an LT code is characterized, and it is found that a decreasing rippl...

In this paper, a new design of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) for electromagnetic launcher system (EMLs) has been investigated in terms of the requisite amount of average launching thrust force and thrust force ripple minimization through finite element method. EMLs are a kind of technology used to develop thrust force and launch heavy loads with different applications includ...

In this paper, at first, a 24/16 three-phase switched reluctance motor is designed, then the rotor poles shape tips corrected for reduction ripple of single-phase torque waveform. By doing this, the single-phase torque waveform has a flat surface and consequently, the single-phase torque ripple is reduced. Also, due to the commutation between the machine phases, the torque drops during this tim...

1. Auditory stimuli referred to as moving ripples are used to characterize the responses of both single and multiple units in the ferret primary auditory cortex. Moving ripples are broadband complex sounds with a sinusoidal spectral profile that drift along the logarithmic frequency axis at a constant velocity. 2. Neuronal responses to moving ripples are locked to the phase of the ripple, i.e.,...

Visualisationof the reflectionof wavesoff objectsis usefulineducation,becausewecannotseesound waves. Techniquesforvisualisingsoundfall intofourgroups:listening,mechanicalanalogues,measurement,and computersimulation. This paper describeseffortsto developthe computergraphicsequivalentofa ripple tank.

INTRODUCTION Asynchronous stimulation has been shown to reduce fatigue during electrical stimulation; however, it may also exhibit a force ripple. We quantified the ripple during asynchronous and conventional single-channel transcutaneous stimulation across a range of stimulation frequencies. METHODS The ripple was measured during 5 asynchronous stimulation protocols, 2 conventional stimulati...

axial flux permanent magnet (afpm) machines are attractive candidates for electric vehicles (evs) applications due to their axial compact structure, high efficiency, high power and torque density. this paper presents general design characteristics of afpm machines. moreover, torque density of the machine which is selected as main objective function, is enhanced by using genetic algorithm (ga) a...

With nanometer lateral and Angstrom vertical resolution, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has contributed unique data improving the understanding of lipid bilayers. Lipid bilayers are found in several different temperature-dependent states, termed phases; the main phases are solid and fluid phases. The transition temperature between solid and fluid phases is lipid composition specific. Under certa...