Proteasomes are essential and ubiquitous ATP-dependent proteases that function in eukarya, archaea, and some bacteria. These destructive but critically important proteolytic machines use a 20S core peptidase and a hexameric ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities (AAA+) unfolding ring that unfolds and spools substrates into the peptidase chamber. In archaea, 20S can function wit...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Identification of predictive factors for the development of residual pleural thickening (RPT). DESIGN Retrospective study. LOCATION A 1,500-bed tertiary hospital. PATIENTS Patients with pleural tuberculosis diagnosed between December 1991 and February 1995 in our Respiratory Disease Service. INTERVENTIONS The clinical and radiologic characteristics, and measurements of m...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The retained primary tooth (RPT) is a tooth that remains beyond its exfoliation time, which can cause some problems. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of RPT in unusual ages in Larestan, a city in Fars Province, southern Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional population-based study (April-Oct...

BACKGROUND Findings in the literature have been quite conflicting with respect to predicting residual pleural thickening (RPT) in tuberculous pleurisy (TP). The aim of this study was to determine which sonographic feature of TP might help in predicting the development of RPT. METHODS Eighty-seven patients with TP were enrolled prospectively. The initial sonographic features were classified as...

Calpains are cytosolic, Ca(2+)-activated, neutral cysteine proteases. Rabbit renal proximal tubule (RPT) cells express both mu- and m-calpain. Although multiple calpain inhibitors protect against RPT cell death, most calpain inhibitors lack specificity, membrane permeability, and/or potency. A group of novel catalytic site-directed calpain inhibitors, including chloroacetic acid N'-[6,7-dichlor...

Autophagy has an important renoprotective function and we recently found that autophagy inhibition is involved in cadmium (Cd)-induced nephrotoxicity. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of trehalose (Tre), a novel autophagy activator, against Cd-induced cytotoxicity in primary rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells. First, data showed that Tre treatment significantly decreased Cd-ind...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rifapentine (RPT) vs. rifampicin (RMP) for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). DESIGN Systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared combination drug regimens containing RPT with those containing RMP for the treatment of drug-susceptible or previously untreated PTB. RESULTS Nine RCTs were identified. Statist...

We report resonant photon tunneling (RPT) through one-dimensional metamaterials consisting of alternating layers of metal and dielectric. RPT via a surface plasmon polariton state permits evanescent light waves with large wavenumbers to be conveyed through the metamaterial. This is the mechanism for sub-wavelength imaging recently demonstrated with a super-lens. Furthermore, we find that the RP...