This paper is concerned with investigation of vertical impedance function of a surface rigid circular foundation resting on a semi-infinite transversely isotropic alluvium. To this end, the equations of motion in cylindrical coordinate system, which because of axissymmetry are two coupled equations, are converted into one partial differential equation using a method of potential function. The g...

Earthquake and scouring are the leading causes of bridge failure worldwide, resulting not only in casualties fatalities but also enormous societal economic losses. A great number bridges earthquake-prone countries cross rivers have shallow foundations, which renders them highly vulnerable to combined effects earthquake flood-induced scour. Thus, research on dynamic response with foundations und...

One of the most important factors in determining the depth of foundations in structures adjacent to the water flow is the scouring phenomenon; the scouring is a phenomenon caused by the interactions between water flow and erodible bed materials, which causes the removal of sediments where hydraulic structures are located, including bridge piers. Every year, a great number of bridges are damaged...

Grouping words into meaningful chunks is a fundamental process for fluent reading. The present study is an attempt to understand the relationship between chunking and second language (L2) reading fluency. The effects of text segmentation on comprehension, rate, and regression in L2 reading were investigated using a self-paced reading task in a moving-window condition. The participants were inte...

in shallow foundations, the third bearing capacity factor, n, has been found to show a decreasing tendency with increasing the foundation size. it is supported by experimental observations and related mainly to stress level dependent nature of the soil. on the other hand, the bearing capacity is often obtained theoretically without consideration of the foundation vertical displacements. in thi...

Because of difficulty in inspection and retrofit of foundation in comparison with other elements, the common design philosophy is to avoid any nonlinear deformation in the foundation. This paper shows that by employing controlled foundation nonlinearity, in predetermined sections with arrangements for inspection and retrofit, it is possible to reduce seismic demand on superstructure. Localizing...