This study was carried out using two sets of numerical weather forecast data and flight reports for Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) over Iranian Plato to find atmospheric flow patterns favorable to the formation of CAT. The numerical data include five months of AVN analysis with horizontal resolution of 1 degree(about 100 km) and four months forecast data of MM5 model with resolution of 50 km. Impor...

An artificial elastic finger for grasping an object, which we call an “artificial finger skin” is designed. Characteristics of the artificial finger skin are as follows: First, it has ridges at the surface and tactile sensors distributed underneath the ridges same as finger of human. Second, it has a curved surface in broad perspective. Third, it is made of an elastic silicone rubber so as to t...

Recent studies have focused on the question of the stratigraphic sequence and thus the stages of tessera formation, specifically, if tessera re formed by contractional deformation followed by extensional deformation or vice versa. A major question centers on the interpretation of specific lineaments within tesserae as graben (bounded by faults -•60 ø) or, alternatively, open tension fractures (...

When a thin elastic sheet crumples, the elastic energy condenses into a network of folding lines and point vertices. These folds and vertices have elastic energy densities much greater than the surrounding areas, and most of the work required to crumple the sheet is consumed in breaking the folding lines or "ridges." To understand crumpling it is then necessary to understand the strength of the...

Corrosion of modular taper junctions of hip implants may be associated with clinical failure. Taper design parameters, as well as the intraoperatively applied assembly forces, have been proposed to affect corrosion. Fretting corrosion is related to relative interface shear motion and fluid ingress, which may vary with contact force and area. It was hypothesised in this study that assembly force...

In this work, dynamic mechanical properties of three high-manganese steels with TRIP/TWIP or fully TWIP characteristics are studied. High strain rate experiments in the range of true strain rates between ~500 and 1800 /s are conducted using a dynamic torsional testing setup. All the three steels show a positive strain rate sensitivity in the intermediate range of strain rates (up to 500 /s). Bu...

We present a general approach to shape deformation based on energy minimization, and applications of this approach to the problems of image resizing and 2D shape deformation. Our deformation energy generalizes that found in the prior art, while still admitting an efficient algorithm for its optimization. The key advantage of our energy function is the flexibility with which the set of “legal tr...

The mechanics of the formation and propagation of ridges on compressed stiff film/compliant substrate systems is studied theoretically and experimentally. Ridges form on bilayer systems where the elastomeric substrate is subject to a significant pre-stretch prior to attachment of the film. When the bilayer is then subject to increasing overall compressive strain, sinusoidal wrinkles first form ...