Chloroplast microsatellite primers were developed in order to provide more population genetic information of endangered Rheum officinale, R. palmatum, and R. tanguticum for conservation. The dried roots and rhizomes of these plants are important in traditional Chinese medicine. The results showed that the optimum concentrations of Mg(2+), Taq DNA polymerase, dNTPs, template DNA, and primers in ...

ankylosing spondylitis and related spondyloarthropathies. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1995;21:117–28. 2. D’Agostino MA, Breban M, Said-Nahal R, Dougados M. Refractory inflammatory heel pain in spondylarthropathy: a significant response to infliximab documented by ultrasound. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:840–1. 3. Olivieri I, Padula A, Barozzi L. The enthesiopathy: clinical manifestations, imaging and tr...

Rheum palmatum, one of the source plants of the traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb, is anendemic and endangered species. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the chromosome number and karyotype of this species. Sectioning combined with micrography was used to analyze the karyotype. The following results were obtained: R. palmatum had a stable chromosome number 2n = 22; the basic numb...

Abstract In this paper, multi-objective optimization (MOO) of Al2O3-water nanofluid flow in microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) with triangular ribs is performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms (NSGA II). At first, nanofluid flow is solved numerically in various MCHS with triangular ribs using CFD techniques. Finally, the CFD data will...

The diaphragm acting alone causes a cranial displacement of the lower ribs and a caudal displacement of the upper ribs. The respiratory effect of the lower rib displacement, however, is uncertain. In the present study, two sets of experiments were performed in dogs to assess this effect. In the first, all the inspiratory intercostal muscles were severed, so that the diaphragm was the only muscl...

Introduction Anatomical variations of human ribs have been well documented [1–3]. Common variations include asymmetric ribs, cervical or lumbar ribs, fusion of rib 1 and 2 and the absence of rib 1 [2, 3]. Unusual variants include fibrous tissue replacing costal cartilage, ribs bifurcated at the sternal insertion, two adjacent ribs articulating at their costal cartilages by a diarthrosis, synart...

Purpose: Rib anomalies include numerical and structural categories. This study investigates the costal abnormalities by computed tomography scan in an Iranian population. Methods: In a retrospective study, 400 Chest CT scans (225 (56.2%) male, and 175 (43.8%) female) aging from 18 to 89 were investigated for one year (2020 to 2021). Images were carefully observed and various abnormalities suc...

Introduction The thoracic cage is made up of twelve vertebrae, sternum and twelve pairs of ribs. The ribs articulate with the vertebrae posteriorly and with the sternum through the corresponding costal cartilages anteriorly. The spaces between the adjacent ribs are called intercostal spaces. There are 11 intercostal spaces on each side. The intercostal spaces are filled with three layers of int...